Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 坡地枣树根系分布及根域水分调控作用研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Root distribution of jujube and influence of root zone |
| 马理辉 | |
| 出版年 | 2011 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 吴普特 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 枣（Ziziphus jujube）是黄土丘陵半干旱区特色果品之一。近年来，以山地集雨微灌和矮化密植为技术核心的坡地密植枣林高效用水种植模式取得了巨大成效，与传统沟灌种植方式相比，灌溉量减少了84.4%，而平均产量却增加了46.7%。这种模式可通过改变枣树根域水分环境，影响根系分布，促进根系对水分养分的吸收。因此，将水分调控和根系分布结合研究对于揭示坡地密植枣林增产机理和水肥高效管理有重要意义。但目前有关坡地密植枣树根域水分调控对根系分布影响方面的研究还很少。\n \n\n本论文以坡地密植枣树为研究对象，采用剖面法和土芯法，在调查不同树龄坡地密植枣树根系空间分布特征的基础上，分析不同根域水分调控措施对根系空间分布及生长的影响，最终明确根域水分调控对黄土丘陵半干旱区密植枣树根系分布的作用效果。试验结果以期为坡地枣树林分的高效经营、可持续发展提供依据。主要研究结果如下：\n（1）改进了传统的根系掘露方法，提出钢刷敲打+喷水相结合的方法更高效。钢刷敲打土壤剖面3遍+喷水的方法能够比钢刷敲打及传统的抛光、抛光+喷水、平滑打毛、平滑打毛+喷水等方法多掘露出9.2%、375%、187.9%、126.2%和46.2%的总根量和8.9%、345%、180%、117.8%和44.1%的细根量。\n\n \n（2）不同树龄的坡地密植枣树根系垂直分布有显著差异，细根水平分布无统计差异。采用剖面法，对1年生、4年生、8年生、11年生密植枣树根系分布进行测定。结果表明：密植枣树在直径＞3mm、1-3mm、＜1mm的根量密度均随着树龄的增加而增长。1年生枣树直径＞3mm、1-3mm根系主要分布在0~20cm土层中（占85.7%、54.0%），而直径＜1mm根系主要分布在0~40cm土层中（占69.2%）。4年生及以上树龄三个直径根系均主要分布在0~60cm土层中。0~100cm 土层中，1年生枣林（株距120cm）及4年以上树龄（株距200cm），直径＞3mm、1-3mm的根量密度水平分布差异显著，但直径＜1mm的根量密度水平分布无差异。但同一土层中（0~20cm，20~40cm，40~60cm），无论树龄大小及水平位置，不同直径根系的根量密度都无差异。\n \n（3）不同根域水分调控措施对密植枣树根系的空间分布有显著影响，但作用效果大小不同。采用剖面法，以自然坡面为对照，对自然坡面+滴灌、鱼鳞坑、鱼鳞坑+滴灌三种水分调控措施下8年生枣树根系的空间分布进行研究。结果表明：鱼鳞坑、滴灌、鱼鳞坑+滴灌这三种根域水分调控措施能显著促进根系的生长和富集，另一方面相应地缩短主根最大深度。根域水分调控措施对枣树根量密度大小的影响作用表现为鱼鳞坑+滴灌＞自然坡面+滴灌＞鱼鳞坑＞自然坡面；对垂直分布的影响表现为60%的细根分布在0~40cm土层中，80%的根系分布在0~60cm土层中；对水平分布的影响表现为69%的细根在滴灌湿润区和鱼鳞坑部位富集；对主根最大深度的影响表现为自然坡面（8m）＞鱼鳞坑（5m）＞自然坡面+滴灌（4m）=鱼鳞坑+滴灌（4m）。根域水分调控措施促进了上层土壤细根的生长，更多的细根能够从上层中吸收更多的水分，也就不需要从更深的土层中吸收水分，因此在半干旱条件下补充上层土壤水分可以减小主根向下延伸，也就可能防止土壤深处水分的消耗，这也有利于防止土壤的永久性干层出现。\n \n （4）不同滴灌位置的根域水分调控措施均对密植枣树根系的生长有促进作用。采用土芯法，对离树干100cm、65cm、35cm的滴灌湿润区与非湿润区进行取样测定。结果表明：非滴灌湿润区，细根生物量为35cm处＞100cm处＞65cm处。根干重密度分别为512.5g/m3、368.6g/m3、288.3g/m3；根长分别为2099.4cm、1748.3cm、1664.4cm；根表面积分别为256.1cm2、201.2cm2、155.2cm2。与非滴灌湿润区对比，离树干35cm、65cm和100cm位置的根干重密度增量分别为28.3%、58.8%和35.9%；根长增量分别为29.7%、26.1%和34.0%；根表面积增量分别为5.4%、28.5%和14.6%。从细根生物量的增长可看出，滴灌水分调控能更好地促进枣林不同位置的细根生物量生长。\n 综合上述研究结果，表明根域水分调控对黄土丘陵半干旱区坡地密植枣树根系分布有重要影响。 |
| 英文摘要 | Jujube is one of the characteristics fruit in loess hilly and semiarid areas. In recent years, the planting model of high-efficiency water use in hilly dense planted jujube trees make great achievements by means of mountain rainwater-collecting micro-irrigation and dwarf dense planted technology, Irrigation quantity decreased 84.4%, while the average output increased 46.7% compared with traditional furrow irrigation. It can change jujube tree root zone water environment, affect root distribution and promote water and nutrient absorption. Thus, it has the important significance in the study of water control compared with the root distribution for revealing the increasing production mechanism and water and nutrient high-efficiency management. But few studies focus on the influence of root zone water control on root distribution.\n \nThis paper investigates the spatial root distribution of different jujube tree age, analyzes the influence of different water control on the root spatial distribution and the growth based on trench profile method and soil core method, determine the effects of water control on jujube tree root distribution in the loess hilly and semiarid area. Results can provide the basis for jujube tree high-efficiency operation and sustainable development. The main research results are as follows: \n \n(1) We improve traditional root uncovering methods and Proposing a novel and more efficient method which is steel brush plus water-spraying.\n \nThe higher number of roots were exposed by the steel brush strike third time plus water-spraying method, which uncovered 9.2%, 375%, 187.9%,126.2 % and 46.2% of total roots, and 8.9%, 345%, 180%, 117.8% and 44.1% of fine roots exposed by steel brush strike without water-spraying, polishing, polishing plus water-spraying, roughening, roughening plus water-spraying and, respectively.\n \n(2) There is a statistical significant difference in total root vertical distribution while no statistical difference in fine root horizontal distribution of different densely planted jujube tree age.\n \nSpatial distribution of the roots in densely planted one-year-old, four-year-old, eight-year-old and eleven-year-old jujube trees was investigated using a trench-profile method. Result shows that root number increased with tree age. 85.7% of the coarse root (＞3mm) number and 54.0% of the medium root (1-3mm) number was located in the 0-20cm soil depth layer in one-year-old jujube tree, and 69.2% of the fine root (＜1mm) number was located in the 0-40cm soil depth layer. Whist root including coarse root, medium root and fine root of other three year old tree are mostly located in the 0-60cm soil depth layer. There is statistical difference in horizontal distribution of mediun and coarse root number in the 0-100cm soil depth layer, but no of fine root. And, there is no statistical difference in horizontal distribution of different diameter root number in the same soil depth layer between one-year-old jujube plantation with 120cm tree spacing and other three tree ages with 200cm tree spacing. \n \n(3) There is a statistical significant difference in root zone water control on densely planted jujube tree spatial root distribution, but the effect is different. \n \nThe methodology developed to study 8-year-old densely planted jujube trees root distribution was based on the trench-profile method. This study included four treatments: sloping land (W1), sloping land plus drip-irrigation (W2), mini-catchments (W3), and drip-irrigation plus mini-catchments (W4). Overall in the four treatments, W2, W3 and W4 can promote root growth and enrichment significantly on the one hand, and on the other hand decrease the maximum rooting depth. Rankings for the total root density influenced on the root zone water control is W4＞W2＞W3＞W1. Approximately 60% of the fine root number was in the 0-40cm soil depth layer, and 80% of the root number was located in the 0-60cm. And 69% of the fine roots were concentrated under the drip irrigation soaked area or inside the mini-catchment. The order for the maximum root depth is W1 (8m)＞ W3 (5m)＞ W2= W4 (4m). Root zone water regulation practices increased a tendency to more uniform and widely distributed fine roots in the upper soil layers which will absorb more water from upper layers, and therefore require less from deeper layers. So, downward root extension and water depletion in deeper soil layer will be reduced through an increase in the soil water content of upper soil layers. Furthermore, this will avoid the formation of dry soil layers. \n \n(4) Water control method in different drip-irrigation location promote root growth\n \nThe growth discipline of fine roots, including the whole profile (0-100cm depth) at different distances 35cm, 65cm and 100cm from the trunk respectively was studied based on the soil core method. Results shows that in the non-irrigated soaked area, rankings for the values of root dry weight, root length and root surface was 35cm＞ 100cm＞ 65cm, root day weight density was 512.5g/m3, 368.6g/m3 and 288.3g/m3 respectively, root length was 2099.4cm, 1748.3cm and 1664.4cm respectively, root surface area was 256.1cm2, 201.2cm2 and 155.2cm2.Compared with the non-irrigated soaked area, root dry weight density increased by 28.3%、58.8% and 35.9% respectively, root length increased by 29.7%, 26.1% and 34.0% respectively, root surface area increased by 5.4%, 28.5% and14.6% respectively in 35cm, 65cm and 100cm away from the trunk. Drip irrigation water control can promote fine root growth in any location in jujube plantation. |
| 中文关键词 | 水分调控 ; 根系分布 ; 密植枣树 ; 黄土丘陵 ; 滴灌 ; 鱼鳞坑 ; 掘露方法 |
| 英文关键词 | Water control root distribution densely planted jujube tree loess hilly region drip irrigation mini-catchment root uncovered method |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 土壤学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286975 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马理辉. 坡地枣树根系分布及根域水分调控作用研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2011. |
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