Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 祁连山老虎沟12号冰川雪冰记录的气候环境信息 | |
| 其他题名 | Climatic and environmental records in the Glacier 12， Laohugou Region, Qilian Mountain |
| 崔晓庆 | |
| 出版年 | 2011 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 任贾文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 雪冰是保存大气传输沉降物的良好载体，它具有高保真度、高分辨率和长时间序列的优点。通过雪冰化学研究揭示大气环境的某些特征是雪冰与全球变化研究的重要内容之一。青藏高原冰川十分发育，是除极地以外冰川分布最密集的地区之一。因此，通过冰川雪冰记录研究该地区历史时期全球环境变化特征及其机理就显得格外重要。本文以青藏高原东北边缘的祁连山西段老虎沟12号冰川为研究对象，通过分析该冰川雪坑、冰芯中的离子和氧同位素等的含量变化，揭示了该地区历史时期的气候环境变化特征，并探讨了环境变化的影响。\n老虎沟12号冰川雪坑中δ18O变化表明，δ18O与冰川上粒雪盆高山气象站（5040m a.s.l.）的气温记录变化趋势一致，具有很好的“温度效应”，证实了青藏高原北部冰川中δ18O与气温的正相关关系。雪坑中的主要可溶性离子均表现出很好的季节变化特征，年际变化主要表现为两峰夹一谷的形态。可溶性离子的峰值主要出现在雪坑的微污化、冰层和污化层剖面上。夏季，老虎沟12号冰川上存在淋溶作用的发生，但是淋溶作用没有平滑雪坑中δ18O和主要可溶离子的变化特征，仍保留了雪冰中绝大部分的气候和环境信息。N03-在所有可溶离子中最易于受淋溶作用影响而迁移。\n老虎沟12号冰川冰芯净积累量记录表明，冰芯净积累量反演的老虎沟冰川区降水在20世纪60年代至80年代呈增加的趋势，1980年至2000年呈波动下降趋势，2000年以来又出现了上升的趋势。海拔5040m的老虎沟12号冰川积累区年平均降水可达365mm。因为缺乏实测资料，以1960-2004年玉门镇（40°16′N,97°02′E，1527m a.s.l）气象站降水为参考，推算出在老虎沟12号冰川小流域年平均降水梯度为8.68mm/100m。通过对老虎沟12号冰川冰芯积累量的Mann-Kendall突变检验发现，老虎沟12号冰川的降水突变年发生在20世纪60年代初。\n老虎沟12号冰川冰芯中的δ18O记录也反映了温度的变化，不仅与距离老虎沟12号冰川最近的气象站的气温记录一致，更与祁连山西段的温度变化和整个北半球气温的变化趋势一致。这表明老虎沟12号冰川冰芯δ180记录可以较为真实的反映当地的气温变化。从长时间序列比较来看，北半球1980年代以来具有强烈升温现象，而在12号冰川冰芯δ180揭示的气温升高没有北半球显著，这说明了区域尺度与全球尺度气候变化的相似性和区域的复杂性。\n老虎沟12号冰川冰芯中污化层厚度比值可以指示沙尘天气的发生频率。污化层厚度比值表明我国西北地区近五十年来沙尘暴频率呈现降低的趋势，2000年、2001年沙尘暴的强烈爆发年在冰芯污化层厚度比值中有很好的呈现。\n通过对老虎沟12号冰川冰芯606个样品的主要可溶性离子浓度的季节及年际变化特征分析可知，主要离子的季节和年际变化具有一定的相似性，在某些特定的年代也存在差异性。老虎沟12号冰川冰芯的化学记录主要受粉尘输入的影响较大，通过相关分析和离子来源示踪表明，粉尘源的离子组分是冰芯中可溶离子的主导成分。HYSPLIT_4模式模拟的空气轨迹图表明，祁连山老虎沟冰川区雪冰中的主要离子，主要是来自中亚干旱半干旱区，特别是我国的西北的塔里木盆地和蒙古国的沙尘源区。夏季由于受到高原季风的影响，来自孟加拉湾的大气气团也可以携带海洋离子经过长距离的输入。同时，夏季的西南季风也可携带主要来自青海湖的盐湖风化物在祁连山冰川区沉降。 |
| 英文摘要 | Snow and ice of glacier are suitable carriers that for preserving the atmospheric fallout. They have high fidelity, resolution and long time series which provide beneficial method for the glacochemistry research. There are a large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, it is vital to understand how climate and the environment are changing and that the impacts we as people are having on them by ice and snow records. This study discusses the climatic and environmental changes from the snow pit and ice core, which were collected from Mt. Qilian on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. \nThe fluctuation of δ18O in a snow pit from the Laohugou Glacier 12 is in good agreement with the air temperature changes at the meteorological stations which were mounted on the glacier (5040m a.s.l), indicating that the isotopic record in snow pit is a reliable temperature indicator, and this confirming δ18O positive correlation with temperature in the northern Tibetan Plateau glaciers. The concentration range of δ18O can be seen mainly by precipitation in the continental air mass influence, as well as some influence of precipitation by marine air masses.\nThe net accumulation rate of the Laohugou Glacier 12 ice core indicates that the precipitation in the Laohugou Glacier Regions at Mt. Qilian had an increasing trend from 1960s to 1980s. And From 1980 to 2000, there was a downward trend in volatility, but since 2000 the accumulation rate has seen a rising trend. The annual average rainfall was about 365mm nearly 46 years in the accumulation area of the Laohugou Glacier 12 (5040 m a.l.s).\nThe major soluble ions in the Laohugou glacier 12 showed a very good seasonal variation, and the terms of change from one year mainly in two peaks and one trough shape. Soluble ions peaks are seen in both the micro-dust layer and ice and dust layer profile in the snow pit.In summer, eluviation occurred in Laohugou Glacier 12. However, eluviation is not smooth the soluble ions and δ18O variations, and most of the climatic and environmental information are still retained. N03- is most easily affected by eluviation in all the ions. \nThe annual fluctuations of δ18O in the Laohugou Glacier 12 ice core are also in good agreement not only with the annual air temperature changes at the nearby meteorological station, but also with the annual air temperature changes at western Qilian Mountains and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies, indicating that the isotopic record from the Laohugou Glacier 12 ice core could be reflect local temperature changes. Comparison of 10-year long time series, the Northern Hemisphere’s strong warming phenomenon since the 1980s did not appear in δ180 of the Laohugou Glacier 12 ice core. This reveals the regional scale climate change and global scale similarity and complexity of the region.\nThe dust thickness ratio of the Laohugou Glacier 12 ice core can indicate the dust weather frequency, and the variation of dust thickness ration in ice core suggests that dust event frequency in Northwest China declined in the past 46 years. The strong dust storm outbreaking in 2000 and 2001 are obviously showed in the dust thickness ration in the ice core.\nThe main soluble ions in the ice core display the obvious seasonal variation: Their values in winter and spring are high; the values in summer are low. The correlation analysis and backward trajectory model analysis shows that, the main soluble ions in the ice core mainly originate from the west wind circulation precipitation controlled by the west wind, and summer plateau monsoon precipitation. The ions components of Glacier 12 are mainly affected by the arid and semi arid sand-dust activity in the Chinese Northwest , however, besides the input of the terrigenous matters, the Na+, Cl- and SO42- also originate from the salt particle mineral weathering product of the numerous salt lakes around the plateau glacier area . |
| 中文关键词 | 老虎沟 ; 冰川 ; δ18O ; 可溶性离子 ; 冰芯 ; 祁连山 |
| 英文关键词 | Laohugou Glacier δ18O ion ice core source dust. Mt. Qilian |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286959 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 崔晓庆. 祁连山老虎沟12号冰川雪冰记录的气候环境信息[D]. 中国科学院大学,2011. |
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