Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 农牧交错带农牧业光能利用率对比——以石羊河流域为例 | |
| 其他题名 | Comparison of light use efficiency between agriculture and stockbreeding in pasture and agriculture transitional zone——A case study in Shiyang River Basin |
| 张翠芳 | |
| 出版年 | 2009 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 牛海山 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 干旱半干旱区农牧交错带是生态环境敏感与脆弱地区，交错带上农牧业界线不断发生变动。本文以我国北方农牧交错带的一部分——石羊河流域为例，通过对比相同气候条件下农田和草地的地上净初级生产力，分析农牧交错带不同时期农牧业光能利用率的差异，旨在为干旱半干旱地区确定适宜的农牧业发展模式提供参考。本研究的主要工作包括以下几个方面：\n1）根据联合国粮农组织推荐的作物需水量计算方法，按照石羊河流域当地的气候条件和土壤属性对推荐值进行调整，在此基础上计算研究地区主要农作物春小麦、玉米、洋芋、棉花的多年平均全生育期需水量。结果表明，石羊河流域主要农作物全生育期需水量年际波动较大，多年平均值均在450mm以上。该地区多年平均降水量不足200mm，农业需要灌溉才能发展。\n2）从整合分析的原理出发，在对全球草地多年平均地上净初级生产力及相应站点的多年平均降雨量数据进行统计分析的基础上，建立了全球草地ANPP与水分的相关关系。利用草地ANPP的实测资料进行检验，结果表明，模拟值与实测值显著相关，可以根据本研究建立的草地ANPP—水分关系分析给定水分条件下的牧草地上净初级生产力。\n3）通过石羊河流域主要农作物和牧草相同气候条件下地上净初级生产力的对比，分析了农牧交错带不同时期农牧业光能利用率的差异。结果表明，1975年之前，石羊河流域春小麦、玉米的光能利用率稍高于相同水分下的草地，洋芋、棉花的光能利用率低于草地；1975年之后，主要农作物的光能利用率持续上升，均高于同比条件下的草地；就多年平均值而言，春小麦、玉米、洋芋的光能利用率高于草地，棉花的光能利用率稍低于草地。总体来讲，近50年来，石羊河流域主要农作物的光能利用率呈上升趋势。\n从ANPP的角度考虑，草地开垦为农田有利于系统光能利用率的提高；从生态效益的角度考虑，草地开垦为农田会减少土壤碳的贮存并且加速土壤的侵蚀，同时会向大气中增加碳的排放。协调农牧交错带上农牧业经济效益和生态效益关系的有效途径是使农牧业的发展成为有机的整体，提高农牧系统耦合的强度和效率。 |
| 英文摘要 | The pasture and agriculture transitional zone in arid and semiarid region is a sensitive and fragile ecosystem, in which the boundaries of agriculture and grassland continue changing. In this paper, the differences of light use efficiency between agriculture and grassland was analyzed by comparing the aboveground net primary productivity of crops with grass under the same climatic conditions in Shiyang River Basin as a part of pasture and agriculture transitional zone in northern China, aimed to give a reference for determining suitable development mode of agriculture and stockbreeding. The main work of this study includes some contents as follows:\n1) According to the method of calculating crop water requirements recommended by food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, the crop water requirements of main crops including spring wheat, corn, potato, cotton in Shiyang River Basin were calculated, in accordance with local climatic conditions and soil properties of study site. The result indicates that the mean annual crop water requirements of main crops in Shiyang River Basin with large inter-annual fluctuations are more than 450mm. The agricultural development needs for irrigation in this region because of the mean annual precipitation less than 200mm.\n 2) According to the principle of meta-analysis, the correlations between mean annual ANPP of global grassland and mean annual precipitation were established based on analyzing the aboveground net primary productivity data of global grassland and the moisture data of the corresponding site. With the measured data to test the correlation established, the result shows that simulated and measured data are significantly correlated. As a result, the aboveground net primary productivity of grassland under certain moisture conditions can be calculated with the simulated correlations this study established.\n3) Based on comparing the ANPP of main crops and pasturage in Shiyang River Basin, the differences of light use efficiency between cropland and grassland were analyzed. The result indicates that the light use efficiency of spring wheat and corn was higher than that of grassland and the light use efficiency of potato and cotton was lower than that of grassland before1975. The result also indicates that the LUE of crops continued to rise and was higher than grassland under the same climatic conditions after 1975. Besides, the mean annual LUE of spring wheat, corn, potato was higher than grassland and the mean LUE of cotton was lower than grassland. Generally speaking, the LUE of main crops in Shiyang River Basin has upward trends during the last 50 years.\nFrom the perspective of ANPP, grassland reclaimed for cropland is positive to the improvement of light use efficiency. From the view of ecological benefits, grassland reclaimed for cropland is negative to soil carbon storage, and will increase carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The effective approach to coordinate the relationship between economic and ecological benefits of cropland and grassland is to make the development of agriculture and stockbreeding as an organic system so as to improve the coupling strength and efficiency of the agro-stock system. |
| 中文关键词 | 农牧交错带 ; 光能利用率 ; ANPP ; 作物需水量 ; 石羊河流域 |
| 英文关键词 | pasture and agriculture transitional zone light use efficiency ANPP crop water requirements the |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286807 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张翠芳. 农牧交错带农牧业光能利用率对比——以石羊河流域为例[D]. 中国科学院大学,2009. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [张翠芳]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [张翠芳]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [张翠芳]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
