Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 特殊生境低温及石生真菌多样性初步研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Preliminary Study on Fungal Diveristy of Psychrophilic and Lithobiotic Habitats |
| 郝阳 | |
| 出版年 | 2009 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 刘杏忠 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 特殊环境导致了丰富的真菌多样性。极地和青藏高原具有低温环境，荒漠岩石具有干热和辐射环境，本研究针对低温环境和岩石开展了低温真菌多样性研究和石生真菌多样性研究。从南极、我国新疆南部、西藏东南部、云南西北部气候寒冷的高原地区样品分离到596株低温真菌，其中426株产生孢子，占菌株总数的71.48%。根据其形态特征，鉴定为43属78种。对于未产孢菌株，根据培养特征将其划分为5个形态型，利用ITS区序列分析，推测了其可能的分类地位。对分离到的所有低温菌株进行温度筛选实验，得到Mortirella exigua、Oidiodendron tenuissimum等23株嗜冷真菌。对南极、新疆、西藏、云南的低温真菌组成和多样性进行了统计分析，结果显示：低温真菌具有较为丰富的多样性，地理位置对低温真菌的丰富度和多样性都具有较大影响。南极低温真菌多样性明显低于属于低纬度低温环境的新疆、西藏、云南三地。南极与其他三地的低温真菌优势种群也有一定的差异。对新疆和西藏荒漠采集的岩石样品进行菌株分离，获得石生真菌菌株24株。其中大部分未产孢，根据其形态特征将其划分为5个形态型，并利用PCR-SSCP分析其序列多样性。挑选不同序列测序并通过系统发育分析推断其分类地位。发现一个石生真菌新种Rhinocladiella simplix sp. nov.，并对其进行描述和讨论。 |
| 英文摘要 | Fungi in extreme environments are rich in diversity. Earth polars and Qing-tibet pleatue are typical psychrophilic environments, and rockes in deserts encounter extreme dry, hot and high radiation. The fungal diversity of psychrophilic and lithobiotic habitats were carried out. In present dissertation a total number of 596 isolates of fungi were isolated from soil samples in the cold area in Xingjiang, Tibet, Yunnan from China and Antarctica. 426 isolates, accounting 71.48% of the total number, sporulated in lab conditions.They were assigned to 78 species in 43 genra based on their morphological features. Isolates failing to produce spores were classified into five morphotypes. ITS sequences were used to construct dendrogram using neighbor-joining method, and their possible systemetic placements were determined. Temperature preferrance assay showed that 23 isolates were proved to be psychrophilic. Twenty four isolates of lithobiotic fungi were isolated from the rock samples collected in the desert in Xinjiang and Tibet in China. Generally they possess some typical characteristics such as slow-growing, melanin producing and restricted colony. Most isolates failed to sporulate in artificial medium and were classified into five morphotypes. PCR-SSCP analysis based on rDNA ITS sequence fragments was applied in identification of the strains. A new species of rock-inhabiting fungus, Rhinocladiella simplx sp. nov., was proposed and described. |
| 中文关键词 | 特殊生境 嗜冷真菌 ; 耐冷真菌 ; 系统学 ; 石生真菌 |
| 英文关键词 | extreme environment psychrophilic lithobiotic fungi phylogeny |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 微生物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286785 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郝阳. 特殊生境低温及石生真菌多样性初步研究[D]. 中国科学院微生物研究所,2009. |
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