Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 集雨覆盖综合干预方式对作物水分利用的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of the integrated strategies with rainwater harvesting and mulching on the crop water utilization |
| 王金牛 | |
| 出版年 | 2009 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 谢忠奎 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 水资源匮乏是限制中国西北部干旱半干旱区农业生产最为关键的因素，严重阻碍着整个地区的经济发展。尝试将雨水收集和覆盖及补灌相结合可以作为一种有效手段，期望能够改善作物生长的微环境，并提高作物产量和品质。 \n以研究区域常规作物西瓜和玉米作为研究材料，测定不同粒径砾石覆盖下土壤蒸发、西瓜蒸散量和水分利用效率；根据不同耕作年限对砂田覆盖层进行田间实地取样，测定覆盖层中土壤的含量，并根据分析结果进行模拟试验，测定砂田不同退化程度下的土壤蒸发变化和土壤温度变化；最后通过集雨覆盖综合试验，经过水分利用效率和经济效益分析，选取研究区域最优耕作措施。 \n将不同粒径砾石覆盖下的西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)产量和土壤蒸发与无覆盖对照进行比较，无覆盖处理的土壤蒸发量占总蒸散的40.7%，而砾石覆盖处理仅为17.8%~25%。砾石粒径10mm~40mm的范围内，砾石粒径大小与土壤蒸发强度呈正线性关系。不同粒径大小砾石覆盖的砂田对土壤温度有着不同的影响，中等粒径砾石覆盖对土壤温度具有最显著的影响。\n按照砂田耕作年限对砂田覆盖层进行田间实地取样，并将样品做进一步的粒径分析。结果显示覆盖层土壤含量随着耕作年限的增加而增加，呈显著线性正相关关系。基于覆盖层土壤含量（重量百分比）的模拟试验结果显示，5cm和10cm深度的土壤温度在8:00和20:00随着覆盖层退化程度的加重分别呈现减小趋势。相比较于无覆盖的对照，严重退化的砂田处理4和处理5蒸发量分别是其两倍之多，即年蒸发量比纯砾石覆盖的对照要多110mm。 \n集雨覆盖综合试验结合了农田不同水分利用策略的优点，根据粮食产量和秸秆产量，对水分利用效率和经济效益进行了分析和估算。处理：垄沟集雨，垄覆膜，出苗后沟覆秸秆，补灌300m3/ha达到最高产量以及最佳水分利用效率，使得粮食产量显著提高。砂田覆盖这种传统耕作措施对作物的粮食产量和秸秆产量产生较大影响，垄沟集雨结合覆盖及其节水补灌能够显著提高玉米作物产量。砂田这种特殊的免耕措施通过进一步改良，能在中国西北干旱区半干旱区作为农业可持续发展的措施。 |
| 英文摘要 | Water resource scarcity is the critical factor that restricted the agriculture production, even the whole economic development in the arid area and semiarid area, northwest of China. Rainwater harvesting integrated with mulching and supplemental irrigation can be one effective approach, which can better the field micro-environment and crop yield. \nTaking watermelon and maize to be the study materials, the soil evaporation, evapotranspiration of watermelon and WUE were measured. According different cultivation ages, the mulch layer of gravel and sand mulched field was sampled in the field. Soil content in the mulch layer was measured, which can be used to study the soil temperature and soil evaporation in the simulation study of gravel and sand mulched field with different degradation degree. Lastly, the integrated rainwater harvesting and mulching experiment was set, and WUE and economic benefits were analyzed to select the appropriate cultivation strategy.\nThe watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) yield and soil evaporation of different grain size mulching materials was compare with the no-mulched control. No-mulched treatment accounts for 40.7% in the total watermelon evapotranspiration while gravel and sand mulched treatments account for just 17.8% to 25%. In the range between 10mm to 40mm，the diameter of gravel and sand has positive linear correlation with soil evaporation. Different size materials mulched field affects the soil temperature differently and the media size material mulched field has the most significant effect to the soil temperature. During the crop growth season, the soil temperature of 5cm diameter gravel and sand mulched field is higher than treatments of 2~5cm and 20~60cm mulched field.\nThe mulched layer was sampled according to different cultivated year and its grain sizes were analyzed. The result showed that the soil content in mulched layer increased with the elongation of cultivated years. Simulation experiments of soil temperature change and evaporation were conducted. The results indicated that the soil temperature in 5cm and 10cm depth showed a decreased tendency with the aggravation of the degraded mulched layer at 8:00 and 20:00. Evaporation intensity of the treatment that pure gravel-sand mulched layer is three times while T4 and T5 are doubled when compared with no mulched treatment, which means that the annual evaporation of severely degraded GSMF is 110 mm more than pure gravel-sand mulched treatment.\nThe experiment of integrated rainwater harvesting and mulching was settled to combine the advantages of different strategy. The WUE and financial economic analysis were calculated. The integrated strategy is one appropriate approach to sustainable agriculture development in the dryland of arid area and semiarid area, northwest of China. |
| 中文关键词 | 集雨 ; 覆盖 ; 砂田退化 ; 土壤水分含量 ; 蒸散 ; 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词 | Rainwater harvesting Mulching Gravel and sand mulched field Degradation ET WUE |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286764 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王金牛. 集雨覆盖综合干预方式对作物水分利用的影响[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2009. |
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