Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 科尔沁沙地主要植物叶性状分异及其对环境因子变化的响应 | |
| 其他题名 | Divergence of leaf traits for dominant plants and its responses to environment changes in Horqin Sandy Land |
| 毛伟 | |
| 出版年 | 2009 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 李玉霖 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着土地退化和沙漠化的日益加剧，植物的生境条件进一步恶化，导致干旱区植物物种丰富度日益下降，物种数量的减少又使得植被功能退化，对沙漠化过程起到正反馈作用，因此研究干旱区植物对多变的、脆弱的生境条件的适应对策及机理就变得至关重要。本文通过对科尔沁沙地中分布的52种一年生、多年生草本植物、灌木进行叶性状调查；同时针对3种一年生草本藜科同属植物设置了养分、水分和种群密度处理的控制实验；针对优势固沙灌木，调查了其在不同生境（流动沙丘、固定沙丘、丘间低地）中生长时的叶性状；同时调查了分布于灌木内部及灌丛外沙丘生境中的狗尾草的叶性状。从叶性状角度阐述了科尔沁沙地主要植物对不同生境的适应对策。主要结论如下：\n(1) 在养分贫瘠的沙质草地生境中分布的植物其比叶面积（SLA）均相对较小（6.9至34.4 m2 kg-1）。一年生、多年生植物叶性状之间存在较大差异，一年生草本植物比叶面积（SLA）大于多年生草本植物。叶氮含量（LNC）为：一年生草本<多年生草本植物。然而，叶磷含量（LPC）的变化却为：一年生草本>多年生草本植物。\n(2) 植物叶片磷含量和比叶面积在不同生活型之间差异不显著（p>0.05）,但是叶片氮含量（LNC）、氮磷比（N：P）和干物质含量（LDMC）在不同生活型之间差异显著（p<0.05）。固氮植物叶片氮含量最高(平均值为30.6±3.2 mg g-1)。杂类草的叶干物质含量（平均值为0.22±0.06 g g-1）显著小于其他三种生活型植物（p<0.001）,并且，禾本科植物、灌木植物和固氮植物叶片干物质含量无显著差异。\n(3) 虽然叶性状之间相关性受环境影响很大，然而对本试验中的多数物种而言，比叶面积（SLA）和叶干物质含量（LDMC）存在显著负相关性，即当植物的SLA增大时，LDMC会减小。\n(4) 大多数草本植物的比叶面积（SLA）、叶氮含量（LNC）和叶磷含量（LPC）在3种沙丘生境（流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘）之间存在显著差异，其中，比叶面积（SLA）和叶氮含量（LNC）平均值沿流动沙丘、半固定沙丘和固定沙丘的梯度呈上升趋势，叶磷含量（LPC）平均值沿该梯度呈下降趋势。两种生境同时分布的植物，其比叶面积（SLA）、叶氮含量（LNC）和叶磷含量（LPC）平均值在生境之间存在显著差异，与半固定沙丘上相同植物的SLA、LNC和LPC平均值相比，固定沙丘上植物的SLA和LNC平均值较大，但固定沙丘上植物的LPC平均值较小\n(5) 不同固沙灌木对生境条件的适应对策不尽相同，表现为叶性状因子的变化趋势不同。生境条件的变化明显改变了灌木的比叶面积（SLA）和叶干物质含量（LDMC），然而对灌木的LNC和LPC的影响较弱。差吧嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿的SLA在固定沙丘生境中较高，在流动沙丘和丘间低地生境中较低。黄柳SLA在流动沙丘生境中最高，为流动沙丘>固定沙丘>丘间低地。3种灌木LDMC的变化趋势与SLA相反,差蒿和锦鸡儿在固定沙丘生境中LDMC最高，而黄柳在流动沙丘生境中最高。灌木叶氮磷含量和叶磷含量在不同沙丘生境之间的差异多为不显著，只有流动沙丘生境中的差蒿叶磷含量明显低于其在其它沙丘生境中分布时的含量。\n(6) 灌丛引起的微环境的改变影响了狗尾草的生长，表现为：灌丛内外狗尾草叶性状各因子间差异（叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶面积、叶干重、叶厚度、叶氮含量及叶磷含量）较大。与灌丛外部相比，灌丛内部狗尾草的比叶面积、叶面积、叶干重、叶氮含量分别增加了47.9％，115.2％，56.3％，63.3％。而叶干物质含量、叶厚度、叶磷含量分别下降了22.1％，24.0％，34.6％。叶性状因子中变异最大的是叶面积，变异最小的是LDMC。叶氮含量和叶磷含量在灌丛内外的变化趋势相反，叶氮含量为：灌丛内部>灌丛外部,而叶磷含量为：灌丛内部<灌丛外部。\n(7) 养分和水分对这3种藜科植物的比叶面积（SLA）和叶干物质含量（LDMC）的影响均为显著，其中养分为最大的变异源。密度处理影响最弱。交互作用对3种藜科植物SLA和LDMC的影响则要弱于单因素（密度、水分）处理；养分的增加导致沙蓬、大果虫实的SLA增大，LDMC减小,水分对SLA、LDMC的影响和养分相似；尖头叶藜的响应方式与沙蓬、大果虫实相异，随养分的增加其SLA有减小的趋势，LDMC反而有增大的趋势; 土壤养分、水分的改变对尖头叶藜SLA和LDMC的影响较弱。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the development of soil degradation and sand desertification, the habits are getting more harsh that decrease the species richness. Species richness decrease will degrade the vegetation function and will do positive feedback to deserficication. So it is meaningful to research the leaf traits vary among plants which grow in arid region.In this study ,we investigated leaf traits of 52 dune plants which can be divided into annual grass and perennial grass; special leaf area(SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of three dominant Chenopodiaceae plants in Horqin sandy land was compared under different soil nutrients, soil water content and plant density ; We also investigated the leaf traits of dominant sand-fixed shrub in mobile sand, fixed sand dune and interdunal lowland. We also compare the leaf traits of Setarria viridis both under the canopy and in the open space. Plant leaf traits refect the resource acquisition strategy of plant. Several important conclusions are drawn from the results of this study.\n(1)\tThe mean value of SLA is relatively lower in sandy environment (from 6.9 to 4.4 m2 kg-1).The mean SLA and LDMC of annual grass and perennial grass vary significantly, annual grass have higher SLA and leaf phosphorus content (LPC). But the tendency of leaf nitrogen content (LNC) change is opposite, perennial grass have higher LPC.\n(2)\tThe mean vaule of LPC and SLA of different life forms have no significantly vary. But the mean of LNC, N/P and LDMC have significantly vary among different life form plant. N-fixed shrub have the highest LDMC and herb have the lowest LDMC(the mena vaule is 0.22±0.06 g g-1). We do not find the significantly vary among graminiod, shrub, herb and N-fixed shrub.\n(3)\tAlthough many environment factors can effects the relationship of leaf traits, in the study, many species have negative correlation between SLA and LDMC. With SLA increase LDMC decrease.\n(4)\tThe mean SLA、LNC and LPC in different habitats(mobile sandy land、semi-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy land.)varied significantly of most of the species we selected. SLA and LNC increased along mobile sandy land, semi-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy land.The decrease trendancy can be found in LPC. For the species distributed in two habitats.SLA, LNC and LPC varied significantly between two habitats.Compare to the same species grow in semi-fixed snay dune, the plants have higher SLA and LNC distributed in fixed sand dune,but plants have lower LPC distributed in fixed sandy dune.\n(5)\tDifferent sand-fixed shrub have different adaption strategy,it can be found in the leaf traits vary. Habtiats change the SLA and LDMC of sand-fixed shrub signaificantly，but effect the LNC and LPC weakness.The higher SLA vaule were record in Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphylla on fixed sandy dune. The SLA change tendency of salix gordejev is : mobile sand dune>fixed sandy dune>interdunal lowland. Compare to Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphylla, salix gordejev have opposite response mode of LDMC change tendency along mobile sand dune, fixed sand dune and interdunal lowland. Its have highest LDMC in mobile sand dune. For sand-fixed shrub distributed in three habitats, LNC and LPC have no significantly vary. We just found Artemisia halodendron in mobile sand dune have lower LPC.\n(6)\tPlant leaf traits refect the resource acquisition strategy of plant. Shrubs are the dominant plant life form and play an important role in Horqin sandy land.The herbaceous plant under the canopy may effected by shrub. Our purposes were to detect the variations of leaf traits of Setarria viridis, including specific leaf area (SLA)、leaf dry matter content(LDMC), leaf area (AR), dry matter (DM), leaf thickness(TH), Nitrogen content per mass (Nmass), Phosphorus content per mass (Pmass), between under and outer of shrubs. SLA, AR, DM, LNC were 47.9％，115.2％，56.3％，63.3％ higher respectively under the canopy of Caragana microphylla shrub than those in open space. An inverse trend was observed for other three traits, LDMC、TH and LPC were 22.1％，24.0％，34.6％ lower respectively under canopy of Caragana microphylla shrub than those outer ones.The result showed that shrubs effected on growth of Setarria viridis by change the shrub environment. The most varied leaf traits is leaf area, it may indicts that Setarria viridis under the shrub canpoy increase size of photosynthetically active leaf surface area offsets the inevitable reduction in photosynthetic rate imposed by limited light supply. LNC increase significient under shrub canopy maybe result of interaction of fertile island and shading.\n(7)\tIn this study, SLA and LDMC of three dominant Chenopodiaceae plants in Horqin sandy land was compared under different soil nutrients, soil water content and plant density.The result showed that soil nutrients and soil water content have predominant effects on SLA and LDMC of the three Chenopodiaceae plants, in which soil nutrients is the highest variation coefficient. But we didn’t found plant density change the SLA and LDMC of the three plants obviously. The effects of interactions of soil nutrients, soil water content and plant density on SLA and LDMC is relatively insignificant, only nutrient-by-water interactions effect the SLA and LDMC of all three plants significantly. Nutrients supply increased SLA but reduced LDMC of Agriophyllum squarrosum and Chenopodium.macrocarpum.But SLAand LDMC of Chenopodium acuminatum have opposite response mode for nutrients supply.The effects of soil nutrient and soil water content upon Chenopodium acuminatum was weaker than the other two. |
| 中文关键词 | 科尔沁沙地 ; 叶性状 ; 分类群 ; 比叶面积 ; 叶干物质含量 |
| 英文关键词 | Horqin sandy land Leaf traits Life form Specific leaf area Leaf dry matter content |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286758 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 毛伟. 科尔沁沙地主要植物叶性状分异及其对环境因子变化的响应[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2009. |
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