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| 黑河流域土壤湿度对流域水循环影响的模拟研究 | |
| 其他题名 | simulation study of soil moisture impact on the water cycle in heihe river basin |
| 崔文瑞 | |
| 出版年 | 2009 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 高艳红 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 水循环系统作为地球气候系统的一个重要分支在气候变化的大背景下日益受到重视。西北内陆河流域山区降水大而蒸发强度相对较小，水资源产生于山区，平原盆地降水极少而蒸发强度大，且径流不外流，完全消散于蒸发，多年流域降水量和蒸散发量相当。在这种条件下形成的迥异于湿润地区的水分内循环系统，对局地气候起着重要的作用。\n有鉴于此，本文以内陆水循环中的土壤水分和陆面蒸散这两个关键环节为切入点进行了初步的研究。首先对NCEP R-1和ERA40这两套通用的再分析土壤湿度资料进行了对比分析；在此基础上，通过它们驱动耦合Noah-LSM的MM5模式对内陆河流域1991年6月的气候状况进行模拟，进而得到流域6月份的月蒸散分布概况。具体结论如下所示：\n1. ERA40和NCEP R-1土壤湿度资料基本揭示了土壤湿度在中国大陆气候平均态的一些共性：东北，华南以及高原地区相对湿润，西北，华北地区为干旱区，ERA40较NCEP R-1更好地刻画出冬季西北为干旱中心这一特点。\n2．在黑河流域，ERA40土壤湿度具有明显的年际变化，从浅层到深层振荡幅度逐渐减小，整个流域而言深层湿度大于浅层。具体到上中下游各个站点，表现各不相同：上游山区表层土壤湿度大于深层，而中游土壤湿度值由表层到深层逐渐增大。NCEP R-1土壤湿度无论是单点还是整个流域平均年际变化不明显，深浅层振荡幅度很接近，且季节波动较大。山区站点的土壤湿度最小值大于中下游站点。\n3. ERA40土壤湿度在浅层表现出明显的季节变化，3月份有一个湿度高值，之后随着气温升高，土壤水含量维持在一个较低水平直到秋末；NCEP深浅层土壤湿度均表现出剧烈的季节变化，冬季，初春比较湿润，且从初春开始湿度值不断下降，秋末又逐渐回升，与ERA40相比，在冬季湿度值偏大，夏秋季湿度值偏小。\n4. 土壤含水量与潜热通量的空间相关性随着土壤深度的增加而减小，表层10cm的土壤含水量状况对潜热分布的影响最大。\n5. 蒸散量的大值区位于东南部山区，在该区内，大部分地方的月蒸散量超过80mm，最高的区域可达110~120mm，中下游大部分区域的蒸散量在40mm以下，特别是广大荒漠地区月蒸散仅仅10mm。相比于NCEP,ERA40的模拟结果略微偏高。\n关键词：NCEP R-1 ERA40再分析资料 土壤湿度 水循环 数值模拟 流域蒸散发 |
| 英文摘要 | In the context of global climate change, there has been growing attention to the earth’s water cycle which is an important branch of the climate system. The northwest inland river basin locate in the arid region of China， as a result of sparse external water vapor transportation, the water cycle system there is pretty unique. Precipitation in the mountainous area are quite larger than evapotranspiration, but smaller in the Basin Plain, the water resource is generated in the mountainous area and disappears in the harsh desert, the runoff there is completely consumed by evapotranspiration, the multiyear accumulated precipitation is equal to evapotranspiration in the river basin. Based on the above conditions, the water cycle system there is critical to the regional climate. \nIn this article, we carried out a preliminary study on the water cycle of inland river basin in which we took soil moisture and land surface evaporation as the entry points. Firstly, we took a comparative analysis of NCEP R-1 and ERA40 soil moisture datasets, then we used them to drive the coupled MM5 model to simulate the climate status in July 1991, finally we got the brief distribution of monthly evapotranspiration (July) over the river basin. The results are as follows:\n1. Both ERA40 and NCEP R-1soil moisture datasets reveal the general state of soil moisture in China main land: the soil moisture gradually increases from northwestern to northeastern and southeastern China, with northeastern , southern China and Tibet Plateau being wet and northern and northwestern China being dry，ERA40 has a better description of northwestern China being the dry center in winter than NCEP R-1 .\n2. Compared with NCEP—R1 soil moisture, the inter-annual variability of ERA40 soil moisture is far more significant, the values of soil moisture increases as the soil depth increases, with the amplitudes decreases simultaneously. Soil moisture of three single stations which stand for the upper middle and the lower reach of Heihe river behave differently: surface soil is wetter than the deeper one in the mountain region of upper reach, but drier than the deeper one in the middle and lower reaches. On the other hand, both the single station and area average NCEP—R1 soil moisture present sine curve-likely pattern, and the moisture values between surface and deep layers are very close. Minimum value of soil water content in the mountainous region is lager than the ones of the middle and lower reaches.\n4. The spatial correlation between soil water content and latent heat flux decreases as soil depth increases, soil water content of the top 10cm layer has the greatest influences on the distribution of latent heat flux.\n5. The maximum evaportranspiration occurred in the southeast of mountain area, where monthly evaportranspiration exceeds 80mm, with some places were up to 110~120mm, the value was below 40mm in most places of middle and lower reach of Heihe river basin, especially in the desert area, evaportranspiration is only 10mm. Compared to NCEP R-1, simulation results from ERA40 is slightly higher\n.\nKey Words: NCEP R-1, ERA40, Reanalysis datasets, soil moisture, water cycle, numerical simulation, evaportranspiration |
| 中文关键词 | NCEP R-1 ; ERA40再分析资料 ; 土壤湿度 ; 水循环 ; 数值模拟 ; 流域蒸散发 |
| 英文关键词 | NCEP R-1 ERA40 Reanalysis datasets soil moisture water cycle numerical simulation evaportranspiratio |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 气象学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286756 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 崔文瑞. 黑河流域土壤湿度对流域水循环影响的模拟研究[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2009. |
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