Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 中国北方草地及东部森林植物群落季节生长格局模拟 | |
| 其他题名 | Simulation on the seasonal growth pattern of grasslands in North of China and forests in East of China |
| 张莉 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 郑元润 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 近现代以来，由于人类对自然植被的不合理利用，导致植被退化，严重影响了我国的环境质量及社会经济的发展。因此，根据植被的净第一性生产力(NPP)制定植被资源的利用强度，依据环境承载力确定退化土地的植被恢复盖度，对于我国自然资源的合理利用及可持续的退化生态系统恢复具有重要意义，急需在区域上对NPP及最适植被盖度进行科学估计。\n以我国北方草地、东部森林样带为研究对象，采用以植物群落生长与环境容纳量相平衡的基本生态学理论为基础的植物群落生理生态学模型模拟植物群落的蒸发系数(k)、叶片投影盖度(FPC)及NPP的分布状况，分析其最适盖度与NPP的空间分布及NPP的季节变化。结果表明：\n(1) 温性草地自东向西，青藏高原自东南向西北，植物群落3个模拟参数 k、NPP与FPC呈递减趋势。北方草地NPP的模拟值较低，仅高寒草甸和温性草甸草原的NPP均值大于2 t•hm-2•a-1，高寒草甸和高寒草原的叶片投影盖度为93%和79%。高寒草甸的3个模拟参数均最高，高寒草原FPC仅次于高寒草甸，而NPP却与温性典型草原相近，温性典型荒漠的3个参数最低。\n(2) 东部森林NPP表现为从南到北逐渐减少的纬度地带性分布趋势，从最南端热带雨林季雨林的31.62 t•hm-2•a-1依次向北减少至寒温带针叶林的3.45 t•hm-2•a-1。k与FPC没有表现出递减趋势，而且变化幅度不大，分别为05-0.4和87%-77%。\n(3) 高寒草甸、高寒草原、温性草甸草原、温性典型草原、温性荒漠草原、温性草原化荒漠、温性典型荒漠这7个类型草地的畜群承载力约为：5.2、2.3、3.6、2.1、1.0、0.6、0.2只羊单位•hm-2。\n(4) 我国东部森林FPC大多数大于70%，可以支持密度较高的森林植被类型。北方温性草原大部分地区FPC约为50%或者更小，宜维持现有的以草本、灌木及半灌木植物为主的植被类型及生态环境功能，而不宜进行大面积的农田开垦或恢复高密度的人工植被。 |
| 英文摘要 | Two main factors obstruct the effective incorporation of ecological information from computer models into resource management at large spatial scales: (1) some models are not based on ecologically sound principles; (2) most models based on sound principles are too sophisticated or detail. This paper presents a generic model based on well established ecological principles with an appropriate level of detail to better sever sustainable resource management decision making. The model was developed to simulated seasonal and annual growth, foliage projective cover (FPC), and evaporative coefficient (k) of grasslands in north of China and forests in east of China. Observed net primary productivity (NPP) data in the study area were used to validate the model, and the model results were in high agreement with observed data. The results showed that:\n(1) k, NPP and FPC deceased from east to west in temperate grasslands and from southeast to northwest in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which reflected the moisture gradient in the region of north of China. Alpine meadow had the highest k, NPP and FPC in 7 types of grasslands; alpine steppe with a FPC less than alpine meadow held a similar NPP with temperate steppe; and values of the three simulated parameters in temperate desert were the smallest. \n(2) NPP of forests in the east of China along the North South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) presents a obvious descent tend form south to north. The value of NPP decreased from 31.62 t•hm-2•a-1 in tropic rain forest and tropic seasonal rain forest to3.45 t•hm-2•a-1 in cold temperate coniferous forest. However, k and FPC did not show this trend and less changed. FPC and k ranged respectively from 87%-77% and 052-0.44 from south to north.\n(3) For the grasslands in North China, livestock density should be lower than 5.2, 2.3, 3.6, 2.1, 1.0, 0.6, 0.2 sheep unit/hm2 in alpine meadow, alpine steppe, temperate meadow steppe, temperate steppe, temperate desert steppe, temperate steppe desert, temperate desert respectively. \n(4) The coverage of rehabilitated vegetation should be about 93%, 79%, 56%, 50%, 44%, 38%, 37% when vegetation rehabilitation engineering was carried out in alpine meadow, alpine steppe, temperate meadow steppe, temperate steppe, temperate desert steppe, temperate steppe desert, temperate desert respectively. The coverage of rehabilitated vegetation could be higher than 73% for forests in east of China. |
| 中文关键词 | 叶片投影盖度 ; 净第一性生产力 ; 季节生长 ; NPP模型 |
| 英文关键词 | Foliage projective cover NPP Seasonal growth NPP model |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286717 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张莉. 中国北方草地及东部森林植物群落季节生长格局模拟[D]. 中国科学院植物研究所,2008. |
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