Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 地表补水干扰下塔里木河下游几种植物群落的波动 | |
| 其他题名 | The fluctuation of several plant communities under surface-water disturbance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, China |
| 陈艳瑞 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 尹林克 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 在数量生态学和恢复生态学理论的指导下，以塔里木河下游荒漠河岸植被中的典型群落和绿洲外围大型防风固沙林中的不同类型群落为研究对象，采用代表性固定样地法和样带网格法相结合的调查方法，（1）选择群落结构特征、群落物种多样性、优势种群生态位、主要种群分布格局和植物地上部分生物量为表征指标，对塔里木河下游地表漫溢补水干扰方式下5种典型天然植物群落的波动特征和过程进行了研究，探讨了天然荒漠植物群落对地表漫溢干扰作用的波动响应特点及其差异；（2）选择群落结构特征、优势种群生态位和群落物种多样性为群落波动过程的表征指标，对塔里木河下游地表滴灌补水干扰方式下8种不同植物组成的人工防风固沙林群落进行了研究，探讨了人工植物群落向人工-天然植物群落转变过程中物种多样性、种间关系以及群落结构的变化特点，比较了植被重建过程中人工-天然植物群落的波动过程及其与天然群落的差异。\n 旨在以正确判断特定生境植被恢复过程中不同类型荒漠植物群落采取地表补水人为干扰措施的合理性和有效性，为该生态脆弱区退化荒漠植被的恢复与保育实践提供科学理论依据。\n 主要进展与结论：\n 1. 通过不同类型群落植物种类组成与相对多度，以及群落水平、垂直结构变化，研究比较了地表补水人为干扰与未干扰条件下各群落结构变化特征和群落物种结构变幅；对荒漠植物群落的波动特征和过程研究表明，地表补水干扰方式对不同类型植物群落的植物组分影响不同。地表补水干扰下5种天然植物群落和8种不同类型人工植物群落物种组成变化明显，群落中出现的物种数呈现增加的趋势，群落结构由简单向复杂转化，群落层次都呈增加趋势，群落趋于稳定。\n 2. 利用多样性指数揭示植物群落物种多样性与群落类型、群落结构的关系；研究结果表明，不同类型植物群落的物种多样性指数波动性较大。地表漫溢干扰下5种天然植物群落的物种多样性都呈增加的趋势；而不同类型防风固沙林4～7龄人工-天然植物群落的物种多样性随地表滴灌补水人为干扰强度的影响呈现先明显增加后小幅度减小的趋势。\n地表补水干扰下胡杨（Populus euphratica）群落、多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）群落、骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia）+黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum)群落、大花白麻（Poacynum hendersonii）和花花柴（Karelinia caspica）群落的物种丰富度增加，群落物种多样性增加；而前4种天然植物群落的物种分布均匀度略有下降的趋势，花花柴群落却呈现增加，但花花柴群落生态优势度略有下降。\n 3. 运用分布型指数法对人为干扰后塔里木河下游胡杨、多枝柽柳、骆驼刺+黑果枸杞群落、大花白麻中主要种群进行分布格局测定，对主要种群空间分布格局的有关问题进行全面描述；种群分布格局和集群强度分析表明了这4种天然植物群落中主要种群的空间分布格局都呈聚集型分布。\n 4. 通过采用基于Simpson多样性指数的生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠测度公式，在群落梯度上对以重要值大小为组成植物种群的数量特征筛选出优势种群进行生态位的分析；探讨了荒漠植物群落波动过程中优势种群的生态位变化特点，揭示了各类群落中主要优势种在群落中的资源利用情况，分析了各优势种之间的种间关系。结果表明：生态位宽度较大（或较小）的种群，它们所构成的种对间生态位重叠既有较大的，也有较小的；可见地表补水干扰下塔里木河下游荒漠植物群落波动过程中优势种群的生态位宽度与生态位重叠程度无相关性，表明地表补水干扰方式下荒漠植物群落波动过程中植物对环境资源存在着激烈的竞争和高的空间异质性。\n 5. 植物群落具有一定的自我调节能力，使植物群落保持一定的稳定性和恢复力。地表补水生态修复是促进植被恢复重建的有效手段，实施年限长的群落具有自我恢复能力。通过对塔里木河下游地表补水干扰下不同类型荒漠植物波动表征指标的对比分析，得出地表补水植被修复措施使流域内研究的植物群落结构趋于复杂、群落多样性增加，群落层次增加，总体上各特征值的群落波动均为正向波动。 |
| 英文摘要 | Based on the theories of quantitative ecology and restoration ecology, combining with traditional field investigation, the main purpose of this study is to examine both the fluctuation characteristics of five natural communities under surface overtopping disturbance and the fluctuation process of eight artificial plant communities in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, China. And judge the rationality and effectiveness of taking surface-water disturbance measure on different types of desert plant communities in the process of vegetation restoration in this specific habitat, which can provide a case for the degradation desert vegetation restoration and the sustainable management of desert plant community in desert inland river basins.\n According to the representative plot sampling method and grid sampling method, sampling locations were conducted and investigated. Using the quantitative analysis method of plant synecology, selecting plant community structure, community species diversity, the niche characteristics of dominant species, the spatial pattern of main dominant populations and the aboveground biomass of community as the characterized values of community fluctuations, study the influence of surface-water overtopping artificial disturbance on the fluctuation characteristics of five natural plant communities. \n In addition, using the quantitative analysis method of plant synecology, selecting plant communities structure, communities species diversity and the niche characteristics of dominant species as the characterized values of artificial communities during the fluctuation process, study the fluctuation process of eight artificial plant community in the wind-breaking and sand-fixing forest in the periphery of oasis under surface-water disturbance, and also learn the change characteristics of species diversity, community structure and interspecific relationship during transforming from artificial community to artificial-natural community meanwhile. Then, the difference in the fluctuation process of artificial-natural plant community is compared with natural plant community in terms of the vegetation restoration and reconstruction.\n The main progress and results are as follows:\n 1. To both natural communities and artificial plant communities under artificial disturbance, the study has been carried out in different types of community, in which the vertical stratification, horizontal patterns and the floristics data are much more pronounced and compared with these communities under no disturbance condition. The communities composition is changed a lot not only five natural communities but also eight artificial communities under artificial disturbance. Both the floristics of these communities and species are increased after the influence of surface-water disturbance. On the other hand, community structure transform simple into power to complex greatly. And the vertical stratification tends to increase after under the surface-water disturbance.\n 2. The diversity indices are studied to reveal the relationship between community species diversity and community type or community structure. The result shows that species diversity index has great change in various communities. Species diversity of five natural communities is increased obviously under the surface-water overtopping disturbance. And species diversity of 4~7 years in artificial-natural plant community is increased greatly and then decreased with the effect of disturbance intensity in the wind-breaking and sand-fixing forest communities.\n Species richness and diversity are increased obviously under the surface-water overtopping disturbance in five natural communities. i.e. Comm. Populus euphratica, Comm. Tamarix ramosissima, Comm. Alhagi sparsifolia+Lycium ruthenicum, Comm. poacynum hendersonii, Comm. Karelinia caspica. Community evenness is appreciably decreased in the former four communities and increased in Comm. Karelinia caspica. But, ecological dominance is appreciably decreased in Comm. Karelinia caspica.\n 3. The spatial pattern of main dominant populations in different measurement scales is calculated by using distributing model index method to reveal the distributing model of species in the former four natural communities and then to further study the diversity.\n 4. Based on the data of dominant species, the niche breadth and overlap is calculated and analyzed by using Simpson's and Pianka's methods along the gradient of community. During the community fluctuation process, the niche characteristics of dominant species is studied to reveal the status of environmental resource of dominant species in various communities, and then to learn the interspecific relationship of dominant species. And there is no relation between niche breadth and niche overlap of dominant species from the present analysis basing on the data of four natural community and 4~7a artificial communities 2004 and 2007 respectively and is not accordance with the previous results in, which shows that extreme competition and high heterogeneity of desert plant on the environmental resources is happening in the process of community fluctuation. \n 5. The surface supplying water is the key artificial disturbance in terms of desert riparian vegetation restoration in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. In the short-term disturbance effect of surface supplying water, fluctuation is a main characteristic of ecological responses of desert vegetation. By comparing analysis on the characterized values of desert plant community fluctuation under the disturbance, it shows that the surface water supplement is an effective measure for vegetation restoration. |
| 中文关键词 | 塔里木河下游 ; 人为干扰 ; 植物群落 ; 波动 |
| 英文关键词 | The Tarim River Artificial disturbance Plant community Fluctuation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286692 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈艳瑞. 地表补水干扰下塔里木河下游几种植物群落的波动[D]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2008. |
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