Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 准噶尔盆地四种沙拐枣属植物(Calligonum L.)群落特征及其土壤环境解释 | |
| 其他题名 | Characteristics of four Calligonum L. communities and their soil interpretation in the Junggar Basin |
| 谭勇 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 潘伯荣 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 干旱区天然植被作为生态系统中的重要组成，在抑制荒漠化过程和保护生物多样性等方面有着重要的生态意义。蓼科沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）灌木是干旱区沙漠和戈壁上广泛分布的旱生或超旱生植物，所形成的群落是亚、非干旱地区典型的荒漠植被。该属植物大部分为固沙先锋植物，在干旱区生态恢复与重建中得到广泛的应用。本文研究准噶尔盆地边缘荒漠地带4种乡土沙拐枣属植物群落特征及其α多样性，以便为准噶尔盆地边缘荒漠地带植被恢复及建设中生态系统稳定与最佳土地结构等问题的深入研究提供一定的理论基础。\n根据野外调查资料分析了准噶尔盆地泡果沙拐枣、红果沙拐枣、奇台沙拐枣和艾比湖沙拐枣4种群落的生态学基本特征，确定α多样性的11个指数，结果表明:\n（1）4种沙拐枣群落组成成分简单，科属组成较为分散；群落组成中，适合的优势种优先占有生态位，使伴生种和稀有种的发展受到约束；研究发现本地区4个群落多样性按大小排序大致分两类：一类是均匀度Heip指数，结果排序为泡果沙拐枣>红果沙拐枣>艾比湖沙拐枣>奇台沙拐枣；另一类是生态多样性指数，结果为红果沙拐枣>艾比湖沙拐枣>奇台沙拐枣>泡果沙拐枣；\n（2）准噶尔盆地4种沙拐枣属群落土壤类型表现为砂土类型和砾质砂土类型；红果沙拐枣群落土壤剖面的颗粒组成在不同层次表现比较均一，其他3种沙拐枣植物剖面层次表现一定的差异；红果沙拐枣生境土壤的pH值为7.64，呈中性偏碱性，为4种沙拐枣群落中pH值最小的群落。其它3种沙拐枣群落pH值均大于8，表现出强碱性的特征；土壤有机质含量在0.99～1.73 g/kg 之间，含量较低，这主要是由于沙拐枣属天然群落植被稀疏，生物种类和数量少，生物富集作用十分微弱，致使有机质在土壤中积累较少，处于较低水平；\n（3）不同群落类型土壤因子的方差分析表明，全盐含量和pH值的差异在4种群落中差异显著，能够很好的解释群落多样性之间的差异；生态修复实践中，艾比湖沙拐枣与奇台沙拐枣更具改良推广的潜在优势，同时应根据各物种的特性合理搭配，从而组成结构稳定的人工群落，减小维护强度； |
| 英文摘要 | The Calligonum L. is an ancient genus in the arid desert flora. And the Calligonum L.’s community is the particular vegetation in the center of Asia and the middle Asia. However, this genus’s pedodiversity is inadequately understood. Our object was to analyse the pedodiversity of Calligonum L. in China and to establish these soil characteristics and types. \nThe ecological characteristics of C. calliphysa, C. rubicundum, C. klementzii and C. ebi—nuricum communities were investigated by sampling in the Junggar basin, and the indices of α diversity were compared with those of other communities. The results showed that：（1）The specific composition of community is simpleness and poor. The extent of plant niche was determined by competitive power. The results of 11 indices were classified into 2 kinds: one was evenness indices, and the order was C. calliphysa>C. rubicundum>C. ebi—nuricum>C. klementzii, another was ecological diversity indices, and the order was C. rubicundum>C. ebi—nuricum>C. klementzii> C. calliphysa. \n（2）The Calligonum L. community soil is mainly show the type of sand or grave sand; the pH value of the C. rubicundum is 7.64，this show the habit of medium alkalization,and the others pH value are all above 8; The content of soil organic matter is low,and this is due to the sparsity community vegetation. \n（3）The results of variance analysis showed that there was specific relationship between soil variables and plan community type. According to the community characteristics, the C. rubicundum and C. ebi—nuricum community could selected as pioneer plants in ecological restoration. |
| 中文关键词 | 准噶尔盆地 ; 沙拐枣属 ; α多样性 ; 土壤因子 ; 生态修复 |
| 英文关键词 | Junggar Basin Calligonum L. α diversity soil factor ecological restoration |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286686 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 谭勇. 准噶尔盆地四种沙拐枣属植物(Calligonum L.)群落特征及其土壤环境解释[D]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2008. |
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