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| 不同类型荒漠盐生植物根际土壤特征的实验对比研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The Experimental Comparisons of Soil Characteristics in the rhizosphere of different types desert halophytes |
| 弋良朋 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 李彦 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文研究了不同类型的荒漠盐生植物根际土壤养分和盐分的特征，以期初步探明不同类型的荒漠盐生植物根际土壤与土体之间养分和盐分的差异，了解根际微环境对荒漠盐生植物适应干旱、盐渍环境中的作用。\n首先，本研究在水培条件下，研究荒漠盐生植物苗期在不同盐浓度条件下根系和根毛形态的差异。结果表明：在盐分浓度较低时，三种盐生植物的主根长和总根长都有所增加，但高浓度的盐会抑制根系总长度的增加。盐分对三种植物的根系平均直径没有显著的影响，但有减小的趋势。三种植物的根毛与根系生长环境中的盐浓度没有明显相关性；三种植物之间，根毛的长度和密度有显著差异。\n采用盆栽根袋法实验对不同类型的荒漠盐生植物的根际盐分和养分特征进行了初步研究。盐分在盐生植物根际发生富集，稀盐盐生植物和泌盐盐生植物根际土壤中总盐和8种主要盐分离子的含量都有所增加，而在拒盐盐生植物根际中增加不显著，其中Cl－和Na＋的富集程度相对其它6种离子的富集程度要高。在所有研究的植物中，根际土壤中全N含量比土体的含量高，但全P和全K含量却比土体的含量低；根际土壤中有效态养分的变化则与全态相反。六种植物，尤其是稀盐盐生植物和泌盐盐生植物的地上部分的主要盐离子含量比地下部分高，如Cl－、Na＋、Ca2＋和K＋，在根际富集程度最高的Cl－和Na＋，在植株的地上部分也增加地最多。在荒漠盐土中，碱性磷酸酶，过氧化氢酶和转化酶和土壤几种主要养分含量有很强的相关性，较好的体现了荒漠盐土根际的养分状况。\n采用水平根垫法对不同类型的荒漠盐生植物进行培养实验，应用冰冻薄层切片法对距根表不同距离的土壤进行分层取样，并测定不同层次土壤中pH、总盐、主要盐离子、速效N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca和Mg的含量。在盐土中，距根表不同距离的土壤中，pH值均呈有规律的梯度分布，即根际微区pH值较土体下降，且距根表越近，pH值越低，而在灌耕灰漠土中却没有显著变化。 |
| 英文摘要 | This article study the characters of rhizosphere soil nutrient and salt of different varieties of halophytes, to explore the difference of nutrient and salt between rhizosphere soils and bulk soils of different halophytes and find out the effect of rhizosphere micro-environment in helping halophytes adapt to the dry and salty environment.\nFirst, under solution culture, we study the differences of their roots morphology and activity in the seedling stage under varying salt concentration conditions. The study results show that: Under relatively lower salt concentration, the length of axial root and the total length of roots of these three halophyte species are all increased; but the high salt concentration will restrain the increase of total root length; the salinity does not bring distinct influence on the average diameter of roots of these three plant species, but trends to reducing the size. Differences between root hair Morphological Characteristics at different salt concentration were tested, but no significant differences were found. Average root length and density was found to change significantly among the three species.\nWe conducted a rhizobag experiment on desert solonchak soil to investigate the salt and nutrient content of the rhizospheric soil of the desert halophytes, and to compare them with the bulk soil. Soil salts were accumulated in the rhizosphere of desert halophytes, with total salt and the concentrations of major ions increased for both succulent halophytes and salt secrete halophytes, but this increase was insignificant for salt-resisting halophytes. Accumulation of Cl－and Na＋ is the most significant among the 8 major ions. Total N increased significantly in the rhizosphere, but total P and total K decreased. However, the available N, P and K in the rhizosphere behaved in an opposite way. The ionic contents of the above ground part of the plants were higher than the underground part in all seven halophytes, especially for Cl－，Na＋、Ca2＋and K＋. Accumulation of Cl－ and Na＋ in the aboveground part of the plant were the most significant among 8 major ions, which coincided with the ionic accumulation in the rhizosphere. Soil nutrient contents had correlation with the activities of soil alkaline phosphcrease, sucrase and H2O2 enzyme in desert solonchak.\nUnder two soil conditions, desert halophytes were planted in pots using horizontal root-mat technology. Soil samples were stratified collected by thin slicing the rhizosphere soil along the distance from the root plane of seedlings，and the pH value, available nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), exchangeable Ca and Mg contents were determined．There existed a special gradient distribution of the pH and the contents of salt ions along the distance from the root plane of the seedlings. The pH decreased in the rhizosphere soil compared with the bulk soil and increased gradually and reached its background value of bulk soil in desert solonchak; there were not significant changes in the rhizosphere soil to cotton crop soil. |
| 中文关键词 | 根际 ; 荒漠盐生植物 ; 盐分 ; 养分 ; 酶活性 |
| 英文关键词 | Rhizosphere Desert halophyte Salt Nutrient Enzymatic activity |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286680 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 弋良朋. 不同类型荒漠盐生植物根际土壤特征的实验对比研究[D]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2008. |
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