Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 科尔沁沙地典型区域地下水时空变异及其驱动因子分析 | |
| 其他题名 | The temporal and spatial variation of groundwater depth and hydrochemical characteristic and their driving factors in the typical zone of Horqin Sand Land |
| 赵玮 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 张铜会 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 在地表水资源比较匮乏的半干旱地区，地下水是区域可利用水资源的重要组成部分，地下水位高低和水质好坏都直接或间接的影响地表景观要素的变化。科尔沁沙地过去地下水资源相对丰富，但从20世纪90年代开始，出现了以地表水体萎缩、河流断流、湖泊消失，以及地下水位下降为特征的水资源的明显变化，导致了植被退化等生态环境问题。本文采用统计学和地统计学相结合的方法，通过对科尔沁沙地典型区域地下水埋深监测数据和历史数据进行整理分析，揭示了半干旱沙漠化地区地下水埋深的时空变异特征，再结合2007年地下水水化学性质数据分析，初步探明了地下水水化学的时空演变规律，最后从影响地下水动态变化的降水、蒸发、耕地和人口等角度初步探讨了该区域地下水动态变化的驱动因子。\n1、科尔沁沙地典型区域地下水埋深的时空变化特征为：时间尺度上，研究区域地下水埋深均呈逐年下降趋势，教来河沿岸变化最为明显，年际最大水位差达2.11 m，变化幅度为13.6 %-51.4 %；年内最高地下水位出现在3、4月份，最低水位在8、9月份；空间分布上，沿河流方向，老哈河沿岸地下水埋深变化趋势不明显，中部地带和教来河沿岸均自西南-东北地下水埋深减小。以教来河沿岸地下水埋深最大，平均为6.15 m；垂直河流方向，自老哈河沿岸-中部地带-教来河沿岸表现出先减小后增加的下凹抛物线趋势。\n2、运用地统计学方法分析的2001-2006年科尔沁沙地典型区域地下水埋深的空间结构和变异特征为：研究区近6年来的地下水埋深的相关域分别为：24.35km、24.96km、23.1 km、22.33 km、24.65 km和22.37 km；地下水埋深随机变异较小，空间变异主要由地形、气候、人类对地下水的开采利用等中尺度或大尺度的因素所引起。克里格插值结果表明地下水埋深空间分异明显，老哈河和教来河中间的巨大流动沙带0.5-2 m地下水埋深面积在逐渐减小，而4-6m地下水埋深面积则显著增加。\n3、研究区域地下水化学类型以HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg型和HCO3-SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg 型为主，依景观类型和土地利用方式不同而变化。地下水野外测定参数空间变异程度依次为：pH＜DO＜TDS＜EC（pH：pH值；DO：溶解氧浓度；TDS：总溶解固体；EC：电导率），pH值为弱变异，其它均为中等强度变异。对 NO3- 离子分析表明，研究区域人类活动尚未造成地下水的硝态氮污染。\n4、研究区域地下水埋深与诸多生态环境因子有着密切关系。年际地下水埋深变化量△h与降雨量有较好的负相关关系（r=-0.78），而水面蒸发量与地下水埋深则表现出较好的正相关关系（r=0.92）；对以上两个因子与地下水埋深进行多元回归分析，并建立方程如下：△h= -0.237-0.802P+0.354E（△h为当年与前一年地下水埋深的差值（m）； P为当年降雨量（m）；E为当年水面蒸发量（m））回归系数达到0.80。土地利用方式中，水浇地和林地面积的增加，是地下水埋深下降的重要原因。另外，城镇的发展和人类活动干扰已经在较大程度上影响了该区域地下水埋深变化，局部出现地下漏斗。 |
| 英文摘要 | Groundwater is the major part of water resources in semiarid regions because of the scarcity of surface water. Water level and water quality affect the landscape's change directly or indirectly. Horqin Sand Land, having sufficient groundwater in the past, is characterized by shrinking of surface water, drying up of rivers and lakes, decreasing of groundwater level since 1990s, all which resulted in the ecological problems especially vegetation degeneration. In this paper, we use the classical statistics and Geostatistics methods, collect the historic data, and combine field survey and hydrochemical analysis of groundwater, to indicate the temporal and spatial variation of the groundwater depth and water quality in the past 6 years in Naiman County - a typical region in Horqin Sand Land. Meanwhile, we probe into the factors influenced the groundwater dynamics from the aspects of rain, evaporation, cultivated land, and population. This study not only benegfit to the long-term investigation of groundwater dynamics in Horqin Sand Land, but also to the ecological restoration and protection, and rational water use and management in semiarid region. The main results are as follows. \n1. The temporal and spatial variation of the groundwater depth in the typical regions in Horqin sand land: In time scale, the groundwater depth in this region decreased year after year. The most significant changes were found by the Jiaolai River where the annual variation of groundwater depth is 2.11 meter, ranging from 13.6% to 51.4 %. The highest depth of groundwater appeared in March or April, and the lowest in August or September in all three belts within a year. It showed that the spatial change of groundwater depth by the Laoha River is not evident, and decreases from southwest to northeast in the middle zone and Jiaolai riverside. The groundwater depth by Jiaolai River was the largest among the three belts; the average depth was 6.15 meter in the past 5 years. It shows a sunken trend, which increase at first and then decrease from Laoha riverside to middle zone to Jiaolai riverside.\n2. The spatial structure and variation of groundwater depths in typical region of Horqin Sand Land from 2001 to 2006 were studied using Geostatistics method. The results showed that: correlation domain in each year were 24.35 km, 24.96 km, 23.1 km, 22.33 km, 24.65 km and 22.37 km, respectively. The random variation of groundwater depth was small, the spatial variations were mainly decided by the mesoscale or large scale factors such as terrain, climate or the use of groundwater by human being. Kirging interpolation showed that spatial variation was distinct, the distributed area of groundwater depth from 0.5 to 2 meters reduced but the distributed area of groundwater depth from 4 to 6 meter enlarged which all were in enormous belt of mobile dune's which was between Laoha river and Jiaolai river.\n3.The groundwater hydrochemical types of studied region mainly was HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg and HCO3-SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg types, and hydrochemical types changed based on the landscape and land use types. Spatial variation of surveyed parameters of groundwater in the field was pH＜DO＜TDS＜EC in which DO stand for the dissolved oxygen, TDS stand for total dissolved solid, EC stand for electric conductivity. pH variation was small and all others were medium variation. The content of in NO3- in groundwater was studied and showed that human activities still didn't effect nitrate nitrogen pollinations\n4. There was a close relationship between groundwater depth and many ecological environment factors. Variations of ground water depth (△h) had a negative correlation with precipitation (r=-0.78), while high positive correlation (r=0.92) was found between water surface evaporation and ground water depth. The decline of groundwater depth was mainly affected by the increase of irrigated land and woodland. Multiple regression analysis was conducted between the factors above and groundwater, the equation of which was: △h= -0.237-0.802P+0.354E, with the correlation coefficient of 0.80. In addition, the changes of groundwater depth were influenced to a great degree by the development of cities and human activities in this area, some regions appear underground filler. |
| 中文关键词 | 科尔沁沙地 ; 地下水埋深 ; 水化学特征 ; 时空变异 ; 驱动因子 |
| 英文关键词 | Horqin Sand Land groundwater depth hydrochemical characteristic temporal and spatial variation drivi |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286655 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 赵玮. 科尔沁沙地典型区域地下水时空变异及其驱动因子分析[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2008. |
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