Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 农林交错区景观梯度特征及生态环境脆弱性分析——以黑龙江省牡丹江地区为例 | |
| 其他题名 | Analysis on Gradient Characteristics of Landscape and the Vulnerability of Ecological Environment in Farming-Forest Ecotone |
| 宁静 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 张树文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着全球环境变化研究的不断深入，土地利用/土地覆盖的变化成为目前全球变化研究的前沿和热点。Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC)计划和Global Land Project(GLP)计划的相继开展将研究的焦点再次集中在人类—环境耦合系统的人地相互作用机制及环境响应上来。当前我国对土地利用和人地相互作用机制研究的重点区域主要集中在生态环境脆弱的农牧交错带和西部水土流失、沙漠化严重的干旱地区以及对干扰高度敏感的区域，如湿地、湖泊，而对农业和林业相互耦合区域上的土地利用及其环境响应的研究成果较少。农林交错区在人类对林地的长期干扰和破坏下，区域水平上的土地利用结构显著改变，并进而产生了相应的生态环境效应，因此，本文以东北农林交错区为研究对象，选取东北地区典型的农林交错区——黑龙江省牡丹江地区作为研究区，主要以1976年——2005年为研究时期，采用遥感数据和地形图数据作为基础数据，结合生态环境相关数据以及社会统计数据，分析具有农林交错特征的区域在人类频繁干扰下所特有的生态环境梯度特征及脆弱性演变特征，以期能够更好地认识农林交错区现存的生态环境问题，从而完善和充实我国对区域人地耦合系统研究的理论和方法体系。\n 本文秉承“由表及里”、“层层深入”的研究思路，首先东北农林交错区的环境特征及范围进行界定，并对农林交错区生态环境的景观梯度特征进行了详细的分析和研究，获得研究区土地利用在人类活动干扰下的变化范围和强度特征以及景观特征和生态潜力值沿环境梯度变化的轨迹，为生态环境脆弱性的研究提供研究方向和基础支撑。其次，构建基于敏感性、暴露和适应能力的脆弱性评价模型，利用GIS和RS技术结合数学模型获取模型相关参数因子，并对生态环境脆弱性进行了全面、详细的分析和阐述。最后还根据生态环境脆弱性研究的结果提出了生态环境保护的原则和策略。在此过程中，还对研究区选择依据以及研究区生态环境背景等基本问题进行了分析；对于研究中所涉及的相关概念也作了详细的探讨，以作为论文研究的理论基础和研究背景。\n 通过对研究区生态环境脆弱性的分析可得到如下结论：（1）农林交错区的主要人类活动干扰是对林地的破坏和改变，直接或间接地导致景观特征的变化；（2）生态环境在敏感性（Sensitivity）、暴露（Exposure）、适应能力（Adaptive Capacity）三个主要因子的复合作用下表现出了由隐性脆弱逐渐向显性脆弱转变的态势。这一趋势表明农林交错区的脆弱性在人类干扰下也会超越环境的适应能力从而使稳定的生态系统偏离平衡，生态环境趋于恶化，因此要加以重视，采取积极措施对生态环境加以保护。 |
| 英文摘要 | With further study on the impact of global environmental change, the land use change gradually becomes study focus in the field of coupled human-environmental system. Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) and Global Land Project (GLP) focus on the character and dynamics of coupled human-environment systems and eco-environment response. The study of land use and the interaction between people and their environments is focused and concentrated on an extremely vulnerable eco-environment of farming-pastoral zone, the western drought zone of soil erosion and severe sand desertification, as well as the highly sensitive areas to disturbance, such as wetlands and lakes. However, there are few studies on the farming-forest ecotone where it is relative superiority in eco-environment. Long term affected and transformed by human being, the farming-forest ecotone has a profound change in land use structure in local scale. At the same time, changes of land use affect the function of eco-environment. Therefore, taking Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang Province as study area, the remote sensing data and topographic map data in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2005 as a basis for data, the paper combined eco-environment data and social statistics data, and focused on spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the eco-environment vulnerability in the scale of region, with a view to better understanding the existing eco-environment of relative superiority region and evolvement process of unique vulnerability in the farming-forest ecotone, therefore, it can improve and enrich the theory and method system of vulnerable ecological environment in China.\nFirst, the landscape gradient characteristics of eco-environment were analyzed in detail. The spatial range and intensity characteristics of human activities interference were obtained through analyzing the change trajectories of land use, landscape pattern and the ecological environment potential along the environment gradient. Second, the vulnerable eco-environment of the study area was conducted a comprehensive analysis, and the vulnerability model was evaluated based on the sensitivity, the exposure and the adaptive capacity, relevant parameters of model were acquired by GIS and RS technology and mathematic model. What’s more, the vulnerability of eco-environment was in a comprehensive and detailed analysis and elaboration. Finally, the principles and strategies of protecting ecological environment were picked up according to the results of ecological environment vulnerability. At the same time, the fundamental questions, such as the defining of farming-forest ecotone in the Northeast, the choice of the study area and ecological environment background of the study area, were analyzed; the relative concepts involved in the study were also made a detailed discuss as the theory basis and research background of study.\nIt can be concluded from the ecological environment vulnerability of the study area that, first, major disturbances of human activities in the farming-forest ecotone come from the damage and the change on the forest, which directly or indirectly leads to changes in the landscape characteristics; second, the ecological environment has the trend of gradually changing from recessive vulnerability to obvious vulnerability in the effect of the sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity. This trend shows that the vulnerability of farming-forest ecotone could make the steady ecosystem departure balance due to the disturbance of human activities, worsening ecological environment. Thus, more attention should be attached on this issue and active measures should be taken to protect the eco-environment. |
| 中文关键词 | 农林交错区 ; 梯度特征 ; 敏感性 ; 生态环境脆弱性 ; 空间分析 |
| 英文关键词 | farming-forest ecotone gradient characteristics sensitivity the vulnerability of eco-environment spatial analysis |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286643 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 宁静. 农林交错区景观梯度特征及生态环境脆弱性分析——以黑龙江省牡丹江地区为例[D]. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2008. |
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