Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 中国大气降水稳定氢氧同位素研究 | |
| 其他题名 | A Study of Deuterium and Oxygen-18 in precipitation in China |
| 柳鉴容 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 宋献方 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 水循环是联系陆地表层各圈层的纽带与核心。作为其输入项的大气降水，是陆地水资源的根本来源。在陆地—大气水分循环的过程中，水汽来源及其输送过程又是决定降水的一个重要因素，因此对区域水汽的来源、分布及其输送规律的分析研究，有利于深刻明晰水循环特征。环境同位素作为近年来兴起的一种新的研究水循环过程变化的技术手段，可做为水循环的自然示踪剂，并进一步来反演天气系统以及大气环流过程。\n 本研究通过2005~2006年观测期内，在中国大气降水同位素观测网络（CHNIP）中的30个站点进行月尺度大气降水样品的系统采集，分析其中的稳定氢氧同位素组分信息，并汇总各站点同步观测的风、温、湿、辐射等气象要素，获得了宝贵的大量的第一手数据。\n 论文根据观测期内436组降水中的δD和δ18O值，给出中国大气降水线方程（δD＝7.44δ18O+1.61）及各局地降水线方程（LMWL）。不同的降水线截距和斜率反映了不同地区水汽来源及循环方式的空间差异；全国尺度上的温度效应显著，并且越靠近内陆地区越显著；南部沿海地区的降水量效应显著（变化梯度为-0.6‰/100mm），华北和西北干旱区在夏季存在降水量效应（变化梯度分别为-2‰/100mm和-4‰/100mm），而在远离海洋的内陆东北地区，不存在降水量效应；在南部、华北和青藏高原区，高程是控制降水中δ18O的主要地理因子（变化梯度分别为-0.2‰/100mm、-0.2‰/100mm和-0.3‰/100mm），在西北干旱区和东北地区纬度则是主要因子；各区域影响降水δ18O的气候因子存在一定差异，对这些因子的筛选将有助于应用气象观测资料对历史环境的定量恢复；此外，降水中δ18O的空间分布对我国范围内季风的建立和撤退、雨带的推进变化及台风/强热带风暴的路径有一定的指示作用。借助同位素分馏模型，同时结合水汽通量数据，可对各地区不同来源的水汽比例进行估算。 |
| 英文摘要 | Precipitation is the major input factor to water recycles, and it is the ultimate origin of the terrestrial water resources. Water vapor origins and transport processes are crucial factors throughout the whole water cycle. An investigation on it will benefit a lot for achieving better understandings on the regional water cycles. As a newly raised technology, the environmental isotopes have presented their advantages in the studies of water cycle processes. The environmental isotopes could be treated as natural tracers of water cycles, and meanwhile, also as a useful tool of reconstructing the atmospheric system and its circumfluence processes.\n During the observatory period, year 2005 and 2006, a systemic series of monthly composite precipitation samples have been collected at the 30 selected field stations from Chinese Networks of Isotopes in Precipitation (CHNIP). Samples have been analyzed for the composition of δD and δ18O. Integrated meteorological data also has been observed during the same time. Abundant first-hand data has been gained, which could be very valuable. \n A best-fit line through all the data showed a relationship of δD＝7.44δ18O+1.61, which represented the Chinese meteoric water line. Local Meteoric Water Lines for different regions have also been given. The deviations of LMWLs were mainly a reflection of the differences in the water vapour origin and recycling styles. A dependence of the δ18O variations on the temperature appeared as the overriding parameter at a domestic scale, and the positive corelation was more distinctive as approaching to the inner area. The amount effect was remarkable at coast areas in southern China (-0.6‰/100mm). Nevertheless, the amount effect cannot be negligible during the summer period in North China and arid north-western portion of China (-2‰/100mm and -4‰/100mm, respectively), though the correlation between precipitation amount and δ-values might be weak throughout the year. There was not an amount effect over Northeastern China. Altitude was the main controlling geographical factor of δ18O in precipitation over the southern part, North China and the Tibet Plateau, where the δ18O would depleted 0.2‰, 0.2‰ and -0.3‰ accordingly if the height raised every 100 meters. However, this controlling geographical factor would change to latitude over the Northeastern and arid Southwestern China; Selection of the dominant meteorological parameters vs. δ18O in precipitation at different regions would be helpful to the quantitative retrieve of the historical environment at a local or regional scale; Finally, the spatial distributions of δ18O in precipitation had a marketable implication on the onset and the withdrawal of the monsoon, movement of the rainfall belt and the tracks of typhoons/tropical storms. By utilizing the isotope fractionation models combining the water vapour flux, estimations on the proportion of the precipitable water vapour had been made. |
| 中文关键词 | 大气降水 ; δD ; δ18O ; CHNIP ; 水汽来源 |
| 英文关键词 | Preceipitation δD δ18O CHNIP Water vapor origin |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286635 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 柳鉴容. 中国大气降水稳定氢氧同位素研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2008. |
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