Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 区域气候模式与地下水模型耦合研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Coupling of a Regional Climate Model with a Groundwater Model |
| 袁星 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 谢正辉 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 地下水是水循环的重要组成部分，它受气候条件、植被地形及人类活动的影响。作为陆面的下边界，大尺度地下水位的变化引起土壤湿度时空分布的改变，以及陆面和大气之间水分和能量的交换，对气候产生重要影响。在气候系统模式中合理表示地下水位的动态变化及其对气候的反馈,对于深入理解陆面水文循环过程以及陆气相互作用具有重要意义。本博士论文的研究目标是建立考虑地下水位动态变化的区域气候-陆面水文耦合模式，为全球变化及其区域响应等相关领域提供考虑地下水对气候响应与反馈的区域气候模式平台。围绕上述科学目标，本博士论文通过在模式耦合与模拟评估、地下水-区域气候相互作用机理、以及地下水埋深同化方面开展研究，建立了考虑地下水动态变化的区域气候模式，发展一个用于初始化区域模式的大尺度浅层地下水埋深同化方案以及干旱区生态输水条件下的地下水位统计-动力预报模型，并应用于模拟研究。论文主要成果总结如下：\n(1) 建立了考虑地下水位动态变化的区域气候-陆面水文耦合模式RegCM3_Hydro。将考虑土壤水-地下水相互作用的地下水模型与区域气候模式RegCM3进行耦合，发展了考虑地下水位动态变化的区域气候模式RegCM3_GW；并将其与同时考虑蓄满和超渗产流机制以及土壤次网格空间非均匀性的地表径流模型、以及考虑地下水埋深变化的地下径流模型耦合，建立了包含地下水位动态表示的区域气候-陆面水文耦合模式RegCM3_Hydro。\n(2) 利用区域气候模式RegCM3_GW及RegCM3针对东亚区域进行夏季模拟试验，分析和探讨中国东部季风区地下水-区域气候相互作用机理。结果表明考虑地下水位动态变化的区域气候模式RegCM3_GW模拟的半干旱区表层和根区土壤变湿并增加了裸土蒸发，且该区的假相当位温垂直廓线更不稳定，显著增加对流降水，使得半干旱区的地下水和降水之间存在正反馈机制，局地水循环效率和降水效率显著增加；而在半湿润和湿润地区，大尺度水汽输送的变化控制着地下水和大气之间的反馈。因此，地下水-大气相互作用主要受局地含水层-大气间的反馈和由于区域尺度含水层-大气间反馈造成的大尺度环流变化的影响，而后者在东亚季风区甚至扮演了更重要角色。\n(3) 利用考虑地下水位动态变化对气候影响的区域气候-陆面水文耦合模式RegCM3_Hydro进行45年长期积分试验及模拟评估。结果表明改进地下水文过程后，多年平均降水和2米温度、东部季风区雨带演变、江淮地区的极端洪涝、34°N附近标志植被过渡带的200毫米等径流深线等方面的模拟均有改善，其中华北和长江中下游地区的降水模拟误差分别减少23.7%和10.6%，黄淮地区和四川盆地的2米温度模拟改善了0.8°C以上。RegCM3_Hydro模拟的各分区最小地下水埋深月份一般在9～10月，最大埋深月份则差异较大，一般在3～6月，且西南地区的地下水自记忆性最强。\n(4) 建立和发展了一个大尺度浅层地下水埋深同化方案，并由此初步估计了中国区域地下水埋深，为考虑地下水位动态变化对气候影响的区域气候-陆面水文耦合模式提供地下水埋深初始条件。该方案基于气候、土壤和地下水埋深资料以及带噪声传递函数(TFN)模型、Kalman滤波、混合型复合演化(SCE)优化方法对有资料区进行参数率定，并利用聚类算法(高斯混合模型)和数字高程模型(DEM)对无资料区进行参数移植，从而估计中国区域埋深的时空分布。将同化的地下水埋深用于初始化包含地下水位动态变化的区域气候-陆面水文耦合模式RegCM3_Hydro，通过季节回报试验探讨埋深初始化对区域气候模式季节模拟能力的潜在影响。另外，发展了一个用于干旱区生态输水条件下地下水位统计-动力预报模型，用于研究塔里木河下游生态输水后地下水位动态变化，为以后在区域气候模式中参数化受人类活动影响的地下水-河流相互作用及其气候效应打下基础。 |
| 英文摘要 | Groundwater is an important component of hydrologic cycle and is affected by climate condition, vegetation, topography and anthropogenic activity. As the lower boundary of the land surface, macro-scale anomaly of water table will result in variations of soil moisture, water and energy balances between the land surface and atmosphere, which ultimately influences climate. Therefore, representation of water table dynamics in a climate system model is essential to understand the land surface hydrological cycle and land-atmosphere interaction. This dissertation attempts to develop a coupled regional climate-land hydrological model with groundwater component, which considers the response and feedback of groundwater to climate. To achieve this goal, studies are devoted to model coupling and assessment, feedback between groundwater and regional climate, and groundwater data assimilation. The main conclusions of this study are presented as follows:\n (1) A coupled regional climate-land hydrological model with a groundwater component named as RegCM3_Hydro is developed. The groundwater model for soil water-groundwater interaction is coupled with the regional climate model RegCM3, and the regional climate model RegCM3_GW with water table dynamics is developed. Then, a surface runoff scheme with Horton and Dunne runoff, and a subsurface runoff scheme which accounts for water table dynamics are implemented into the RegCM3_GW, which result in the regional climate-land surface hydrological coupled model RegCM3_Hydro.\n (2) Numerical experiments by RegCM3_GW and RegCM3 over the East Asian monsoon area during the summer time are conducted to investigate mechanism of the aquifer-atmosphere interaction. The results indicate that the soil moisture simulated by RegCM3_GW are wetter than that by RegCM3 over semiarid region, which enhances the bare soil evaporation and the instability of the vertical profile of the pseudoequivalent potential temperature, and increases the convective precipitation, which demonstrate that there are positive feedback between the groundwater and precipitation over semiarid region, and the recycling rate and precipitation efficiency increase obviously. However, the large-scale atmospheric water vapor transport controls the feedback between aquifer and atmosphere over humid and semi-humid regions. Therefore, the effects of water table dynamics on regional climate consist of the local aquifer-atmosphere interaction and the changes of circulation originated from ambient aquifer-atmosphere interaction, and latter factor plays an important role in the monsoon area.\n (3) 45-year regional climate simulations over East Asia are carried out by using RegCM3_Hydro and RegCM3. The results indicate that RegCM3_Hydro has a better performance than RegCM3 with respect to the simulations of the mean annual precipitation and surface temperature, seasonal progression of the monsoon rainband, extreme flood over Huai River and Yangtze River, and the 200-mm contour of runoff along 34°N which represents the transition region of vegetation. Specifically, the simulation errors of mean annual precipitation decrease by 23.7% and 10.6% over Northern China and middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River respectively, the simulation errors of mean annual surface temperature decrease by 0.8°C over Huang-Huai region and Sichuan basin. The shallowest water tables simulated by RegCM3_Hydro occur in September and October, and the deepest occur from March to June in different regions, and the strongest memory of groundwater occurs in southwestern China.\n (4) A data assimilation scheme for macro-scale shallow water table depths is developed, which provides initial water table depths for the RegCM3_Hydro. The scheme is based on the climate, soil and groundwater data, using the Transfer Function-Noise (TFN) model combined with Kalman filter and Shuffled complex evolution (SCE) optimal algorithm for parameter calibration in gauged areas, and adopting the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering method together with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for parameter regionalization in gauged areas. The estimated water table depths are adopted to initialize the RegCM3_Hydro, and their potential impacts on seasonal regional climate simulation are investigated by seasonal hindcast experiments. In addition, a statistical-dynamical water table prediction scheme is developed to simulate the water table variations after water conveyance over the lower reaches of Tarim River, which can be used to parameterize stream-aquifer interactions affected by anthropogenic activities in regional climate models. |
| 中文关键词 | 地下水 ; 区域气候模式 ; 陆面水文模型 ; 数据同化 ; 人类活动 |
| 英文关键词 | groundwater regional climate model land hydrological model data assimilation anthropogenic activ |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 气象学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286629 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 袁星. 区域气候模式与地下水模型耦合研究[D]. 中国科学院大气物理研究所,2008. |
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