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| 柴达木盆地地震勘探关键技术研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The Key Techniques Research of Seismic Exploration |
| 王子明 | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 杨长春 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 柴达木盆地复杂的地表地质条件决定着地震数据采集施工条件及地震波的激发、接收效果，本文以该盆地西部地区为例，较为系统地研究了复杂油气藏的地震采集、成像处理和属性分析技术，取得了如下主要研究成果与认识：\n1．通过岩性的含水性差异进行了激发效果的研究和分析，结合针对性的野外试验，明确了“稳定潮湿沙层”可有效地提高激发效果，使沙漠区得到有效的地震反射；借助于组合炸药激发，提高了炸药的有效分配使用；通过对目标层的覆盖次数和最大炮检距的分析论证，优化了复杂区观测系统设计，提高了资料的信噪比，为三维资料品质的提高奠定了重要的基础。\n2．通过实际地震资料处理表明，在精细表层调查模型约束下的初至折射静校正方法适于柴达木盆地西部地区，这是因为该区的近地表折射层虽有一定变化，但基本上比较稳定，可以进行分段连续追踪，基本满足了折射静校正的应用条件。\n3．研发的基于起伏地表弯曲射线叠前时间偏移技术，提高了复杂区成像精度，采用常速扫描与变速扫描相结合的方式，提高了速度分析精度，三维叠前时间偏移处理较合理地解决了陡倾角断层和水平地层相交处的地层成像和速度多值问题。其中，精细速度分析和切除对提高乌南复杂区的成像精度至关重要。\n4．借鉴图像处理技术，实现了三维地震保边界处理方法，该方法因尽可能使用大范围的滤波器，可最大限度地压制噪音；因其具保边界性，可使断层、断点、岩性结灭点、小尺度岩性体（河道）等不受模糊影响，是低信噪比资料属性分析的有效辅助技术。\n5．利用谱分解方法可以有效识别储层。通过不同频率成分振幅谱剖面中的细节变化，有可能发现地震剖面上无法识别（或者特征不明显）的一特殊地质体。 |
| 英文摘要 | The rugged surface topography determined the seismic data acquisition construction conditions and the seismic wave explosive and receiver quality in Qaidam Basin. This dissertation systematically researched the seismic acquisition, imaging process and the attribute analysis techniques of complicated oil and gas reservoir. The main research achievements and cognitions are as follows:\n1. Through the stimulation effects research and analysis from the aspect of lithologic water-containing differences, it’s specific that stable hydrous sand layer can effectively enhance the stimulation effects combined with the corresponding field tests. The seismic data S/N ratio has been improved due to the combination explosive stimulation. Through the fold number and maximum offset analyses of target horizon, the complicated geometry has been optimized and the S/N ratio of seismic data has been improved, which made an important basis for improvement of 3D seismic data.\n2. It has been proved that the first arrival refraction static correction method under the model constraint of fine surface survey is suitable to the Qaidam Basin of western areas by the real seismic data processing. Although the refraction horizon of near surface has some changes in a certain extent, it’s steady basically. The refraction horizon can be continuously traced in sections, so it’s qualified for the refraction static correction method on the whole.\n3. The research is based on the curved-ray pre-stack time migration techniques of rough topography, and improved the imaging precision of complex areas. This techniques adopted the constant and variable velocity scanning mode and enhanced the velocity analysis precision. The 3D pre-stack time migration techniques reasonably solved the imaging and velocity multiple solutions problems of steep-dip faults and the intersections of horizontal layers. What’s more, fine velocity analysis and mute are very important to enhance the imaging precision of the seismic data in complicated Wunan areas.\n4. The 3D seismic data edge-preserving processing methods have been realized due to the image process techniques. Because this method uses the large range filter, it can attenuate the noise maximally. The faults, break points, lithologic pinchout points and lithologic body of small scale such as river will not be influenced by blur because of the edge-preserving characterization of the method which is really an effective assistant technique of low S/N ratio seismic data attribute analysis.\n5. The use of spectral decomposition technique can effectively identify the reservoirs. The special geology body which will not be identified (or without obvious characters) in the seismic profile may be found through the details changes of different frequencies in the amplitude profiles. |
| 中文关键词 | 柴达木盆地 ; 地震采集 ; 叠前偏移像 ; 储层识别 |
| 英文关键词 | Qaidam Basin seismic acquisition pre-stack migration image reservoir identification |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 固体地球物理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286616 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王子明. 柴达木盆地地震勘探关键技术研究[D]. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008. |
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