Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 塔里木河下游胡杨物候学特征观测研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study of Phenological Characters of Populus euphratica Oliv. in the lower Reaches of Tarim River |
| 买尔燕古 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 热合木都拉 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 植物物候是指植物为了适应气候条件的节律性变化而形成与此相应的植物发育节律。从古代至今，植物物候以其在预报农时、保护环境、鉴定气候变化趋势等方面的重要理论和现实意义，一直是国内外植物学研究的热点之一。\n塔里木河下游夹峙于库姆塔格沙漠和塔克拉玛干沙漠两大沙漠之间，气候属于极端干旱的暖温带大陆性气候。由于近50年来，人类不合理的资源开发，塔里木河下游的环境问题日趋严峻。为保护日益衰败的天然胡杨林，恢复恶化的生态系统，于2000年，实施了塔里木河下游应急输水工程，输水后，下游的环境有一定的改善。在下游不同河段由于过水时间、耗水量的差异，造成输水后不同河段地下水位和影响范围的差异，因此地表植被恢复也有较明显的差异。为此，了解胡杨物学候特征为塔里木河下游的生态输水工程及已退化生态系统的尽快恢复有重要意义。目前，有关胡杨的研究主要集中于生理学特性、遗传学特性及移植育苗等方面，胡杨物候学特征方面的研究也不少。\n本文以塔里木河下游胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliv.）为研究对象，通过目视观测和望远镜观测方法，对胡杨的开花期、第一次展叶期、第二次展叶期、果熟期、叶黄期及落叶期等主要物候期进行了观测研究，并分析胡杨胸径及离河道距离与胡杨物候学特征的关系。获得的结论如下：\n1、塔里木河下游胡杨物候学特征：①开花期从3月29日开始，4月19日结束，持续时间为21天，与其它物候期相比最短，开花期与第一次展叶期重叠。②由于春尺蠖危害的原因，大约70%的胡杨有明显的“二次展叶”现象，因此展叶期分为第一次展叶期和第二次展叶期两个阶段。第一次展叶期从4月4日至5月1日，第二次展叶期从5月13日至6月4日，持续时间分别为27天，22天。③果熟期从5月25日开始，10月13日结束，持续时间为141天，与其它物候期相比最长。④叶黄期从9月26日开始，10月28日结束，持续时间为32天，叶黄期与落叶期重叠。⑤落叶期从10月11日开始，11月12日结束，持续时间为32天。\n2、胡杨胸径与各物候期的关系：胡杨胸径与开花期、第二次展叶期开始时间在0.01的水平上呈显著相关，与第一次展叶期、果熟期的开始时间及第一次和第二次展叶期的结束时间在0.05的水平上呈显著相关。胡杨胸径与开花期、第一次展叶期的持续时间在0.01的水平上呈显著相关，与落叶期持续时间在0.05的水平上呈显著相关。胡杨胸径与其余的物候期的开始、结束及持续时间均不存在相关性。\n3、胡杨离河道距离与各物候期其的关系：胡杨离河道距离与开花期、果熟期的开始时间及开花期、第二次展叶期、叶黄期的结束时间在0.01的水平上呈显著相关。胡杨离河道的距离与第二次展叶期持续时间在0.01的水平上呈显著相关，与第一次展叶期、果熟期的持续时间在0.05的水平上呈显著相关。胡杨离河道距离与其余的物候期的开始、结束及持续时间均不存在相关性。 |
| 英文摘要 | The lower reaches of Tarim River is located between Kumtagh desert and Taklimakan desert, with the continental climate of extreme drought temperate. Because of the unreasonable human exploitation of natural resources in recent 50 years, many environmental problems have appeared in the lower reaches of Tarim River. In order to protect ruined natural Populus euphratica Oliv forest and restore ecosystem, the emergency ecological water transport project in the lower reaches of Tarim River has been carried out from 2000. The environment of the downstream had certain improvement after the emergent water transport. However, due to differences in time and quantity of water transport to different parts of the lower reaches of the Tarim River, the ground-water level and the restoration of plants varies in the different region. So knowing the phonological characters of P. euphratica is very important to the emergency water transport to the lower reaches of Tarim River and the resoration of the Ecosystem. Recently, many researches about the Physiology, Genetics and Planting of P. euphratica have been run but the work in the field of P. euphratica phenology is many also. \nSix phenological characters, flowering, first foliation, second foliation, maturity, leaf coloration and defoliation of P. euphratic in the lower reaches of Tarim River were studied to find out the effect of the tree diameters and the different distances from the river on the aforementioned phenological characters of P. euphratica.\nThe result shows that the duration of the flowering stage was the shortest one which was 21days, March 29 to April 19, and the flowering stage and first foliation stage were overlapping. Due to pest attacking, approximately 70% of P. euphratica had the phenomenon of “two times of foliation”, so foliation stage divided into two times, the first one from April 4 to May 1 and the second one from May 13 to June 4, which their duration were 27days and 22days, respectively. The maturity stage was the longest stage of the phenological stages which started from May 25 to October 13, 141days. The duration of leaf coloration stage was 32days, September 26 to October 28, where during this period both of leaf coloration and defoliation stages were overlapping which the last one was 32 days, October 11 to November 12.\nThe results of the statistical analyses shows that the correlation coefficients between the diameter of P. euphratica and the phonological characteristics can be categorized as following: the beginning of flowering, second foliation stage, the whole duration of flowering and first foliation stage were highly significant, whereas the beginning of the first foliation, maturity, the end of first foliation, second foliation stages, and the duration of defoliation were significant and the beginning, end and the duration of other stages were non significant.\nMoreover, the correlation coefficients between the distance of P. euphratica from the River and the phenological characteristics were highly significant with the beginning of the flowering, maturity, the end of flowering, second foliation and leaf coloration stages; and significant with the duration of first foliation, maturity stage, whereas non significant with the beginning, end and the duration of other stages. |
| 中文关键词 | 胡杨 ; 物候期 ; 胡杨胸径 ; 离河道距离 |
| 英文关键词 | Populus euphratica Oliv. Phenological stage Diameter of P.euphratica Distance from the River |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286592 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 买尔燕古. 塔里木河下游胡杨物候学特征观测研究[D]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2007. |
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