Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落固沙作用的研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Sand-fixing Effects of Caragana microphylla Communities in Keerqin Sandy Land |
| 贺山峰 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 蒋德明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 建立人工植被是科尔沁沙地退化生态系统恢复与重建的基础，也是土地沙漠化防治的有效措施。本文以科尔沁沙地典型固沙灌木植物种——小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)为研究对象，采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法，比较系统地研究了小叶锦鸡儿生长发育特征、更新途径，以及小叶锦鸡儿群落的固沙作用，并从水量平衡角度探讨了小叶锦鸡儿固沙植被的土壤水分状况和蒸散量变化。\n 研究结果表明：(1) 在生长季，小叶锦鸡儿的生物量在7月份达到最大值，且其生长发育速度与降水量相关；人工平茬和自然萌孽是小叶锦鸡儿主要且有效的更新途径。(2) 小叶锦鸡儿群落对近地表风速具有显著的阻滞作用，群落内总输沙量及各层输沙量均明显低于流动沙丘，小气候得到明显改善。(3) 6年生、11年生和22年生小叶锦鸡儿群落对土壤理化性质均有明显的改善作用。土壤中微沙(0.05～0.1 mm)和粘粒(<0.05 mm)含量增加，表层(0～10 cm)土壤容重减小，孔隙度和饱和含水率增大，土壤持水能力提高；土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷和有效钾含量均有不同程度增加，尤以表层增加幅度最大，并且灌丛对养分有明显的富集效应。(4) 与天然小叶锦鸡儿群落的土壤含水量相比，人工小叶锦鸡儿群落内土壤含水量较低，且呈现出随植被生长发育年限增加而不断减少的趋势；在生长季，人工植被区绝大部分的降雨量都通过蒸散作用丧失，各试验样地蒸散量呈现单峰型曲线模式。 |
| 英文摘要 | Establishing artificial vegetation is the basis of restoring and reconstructing degraded ecosystems and an effective measure in controlling land desertification. In this dissertation, Caragana microphylla, a widely used leguminous shrub in fixing mobile dune, was selected as study object. By means of spatial sequence instead of temporal sequence, the growth and developmental characteristics, regeneration options and sand-fixing effects of C. microphylla were studied systemically. The changes of soil moisture condition and evapotranspiration in vegetated area were also discussed according to water balance theory.\n The results showed that: (1) The biomass of C. microphylla was maximum in July, and its growth and development were related to precipitation during the growing season. Artificial cutting and natural sprouting were the major and effective regeneration ways to C. microphylla. (2) The wind velocity, the total and each layer windblown sediment in the C. microphylla communities were significantly less than on mobile dune. Microclimate in the communities had been improved largely, beneficial to settlement and growth for more plants. (3) With the establishment and development of vegetation, the soil physical and chemical characteristics of C. microphylla communities were improved obviously. The porosity and percentage of tiny sand (0.05～0.1 mm) and clay particle (<0.05 mm) increased, bulk density of topsoil (0～10 cm) decreased, and saturated water-holding capacity improved. The soil pH decreased at first and then increased. The content of organic C, total N, total P, alkaline N, available P and available K increased to some extent, especially in the topsoil, and C. microphylla exhibited a significant enrichment effect with higher nutrients under their canopies. (4) Compared with natural C. microphylla community, the soil moisture content of artificial vegetation area was lower, and continually decreased along with increase in age. Most precipitation lost through evapotranspiration during the growing season, and the temporal distribution of evapotranspiration showed a single-peak curve. |
| 中文关键词 | 科尔沁沙地 ; 小叶锦鸡儿 ; 固沙作用 ; 更新途径 ; 土壤水分 |
| 英文关键词 | Keerqin sandy land Caragana microphylla sand-fixing effects regeneration avenues soil moisture content |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286576 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 贺山峰. 科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落固沙作用的研究[D]. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,2007. |
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