Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 石羊河流域下游生态系统服务价值研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on the Value of Ecosystem Services |
| 石惠春 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 程国栋 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 人类的可持续发展必须建立在保护地球生命支持系统和维持生态系统服务功能的可持续性基础上，石羊河流域的一些重大科学问题研究越来越受到科学工作者和国家政府决策者的高度重视。在这样一个地貌单元多样、水资源转化关系复杂、生态环境脆弱、水问题日益突出而又十分敏感的流域内，如何合理、有效地利用水资源、恢复建设生态环境和发展经济是流域诸多生态问题中最核心和重要的课题，而流域生态系统服务价值的准确评估计算是实现区域可持续发展的前提条件。研究以河西地区生态退化最为剧烈的石羊河流域为例，计算和分析近50年来石羊河流域生态系统服务价值的动态变化和空间变化，从生态经济综合集成研究的角度定量分析流域生态环境损失价值，水资源对生态环境建设的保证程度等一些国家需要急迫回答的宏观战略问题。研究对于帮助人们正确认识生态系统的服务功能及其价值，为石羊河流域生态系统的恢复、保护和合理经营利用决策提供科学依据，具有非常重要的现实意义和理论价值。\n全文基于人类文化学、地学人地关系、哲学、经济学等理论对生态系统服务价值作了尝试性理论探索；选取我国西部内陆干旱地区石羊河流域，集中对下游生态系统进行了生态经济的综合实证研究。\n1. 探讨了生态系统及生态系统服务价值的内涵和意义，对生态系统和人类生态系统及其活动的关系进行了多角度的分析，强调正确认识生态系统的重要意义。从哲学和经济学的角度探讨生态系统服务价值，分析了劳动价值论、效用价值论、存在价值论在研究生态系统服务价值论过程中的优势和缺陷，归纳出研究生态系统服务价值的思路和框架，评价生态系统服务价值的方法，探讨了认识和评价生态系统服务价值的重要意义。\n2. 分析了石羊河流域的水资源及其与地貌、气候和植被之间的关系以及流域地表水与地下水之间的转化关系。石羊河流域水资源总量为16.59×108m3，其中地表天然水资源15.60×108m3，与地表水不重复的地下水资源量0.99×108m3。\n3. 由于连年超采地下水，造成的地下水位下降和地下水质恶化，引起土壤盐渍化和土地荒漠化，指出人口增加及其所导致的耕地增加和灌溉用水增加是石羊河流域生态问题的根本原因；分析了未来石羊河径流量的变化趋势，指出未来石羊河径流量变化不大，还有减少的趋势；预测了未来石羊河流域水资源的需求量。最后分析了在水资源胁迫下，石羊河流域社会经济系统中的不合理性。\n4. 利用Costanza提出的方法估算了1994-2005石羊河流域下游民勤生态系统服务总价值，即由9.976´108yuan下降到8.475´108yuan，10年间减少了1.501´108yuan。流域下游生态系统服务总价值的变化呈现出明显的规律性，即自然生物生产力高的生态系统服务类型的价值都呈下降趋势，森林、草地生态系统服务价值分别下降0.089´108yuan、1.559´108yuan，而人为因素干扰的生态系统类型的服务价值均呈现上升趋势，耕地、水域、荒漠生态系统服务价值分别上升了0.008´108yuan、0.039´108yuan、0.100´108yuan，通过对比分析，指出评价中的不足之处。运用国际上流行的衡量环境物品经济价值的重要方法——条件价值评估法（CVM）对民勤生态系统服务恢复价值做了初步估算，得出恢复民勤绿洲生态系统服务的经济效益每年至少在3.41´107yuan以上，按当前的市场利率2.25 %生态折旧率计算，20年恢复的总经济价值至少为5.54´108yuan。\n5. 从民勤环境经济综合账户、能值分析、生态足迹等不同理论定量分析近年来民勤生态经济系统可持续发展状况，研究表明，目前民勤生态经济系统发展是不可持续的，并且正在向继续恶化的方向发展。\n6. 在石羊河流域下游生态系统服务价值、生态系统服务恢复价值和生态系统可持续状况分析研究的基础上，从物质文化、精神文化和制度文化的层面出发，提出建立石羊河下游生态经济系统可持续发展保障体系的具体措施，根据现有研究的不足，提出了今后需要继续研究的问题。\n\n关键词：生态系统服务价值；生态经济；CVM；环境经济帐户；能值分析；生态足迹；可持续发展；石羊河下游；民勤 |
| 英文摘要 | Human’s sustainable development should be based on protecting the earth’s life support systems and maintaining the sustainable development of ecosystem service functions. Some important scientific issues about the Shiyang River basin have attracted more and more atterntion of scienctists and policy-makers. In such a basin which is of diverse landform unit, complex water resource transform relationship, vulnerable ecological environment, and outstanding and sensitive water problems, how to use of the water resource reasonably and efficiently, how to recover the ecological environment , and how to develop economy are the key of the ecological issues. And evaluating the value of ecosystem services is the premiss to achieve its sustainable development. Taking the Shiyang River basin, which has been suffered with the most severe ecological degratation in the Hexi area, as a case study, the dissertation culculates and analyses the dynamic and spacial changes of the value of the ecosystem services for 50 years, and, from a integrated perspective of ecological economic reseach, discusses quantitively some macro strategic issues, such as the ecosystem environmental lost value and the ensuring degree of water resource to ecological establishment in the basin, which are needed responded urgently. The study is of theorically and practically improtant significance to help people realize correctly the function and value of ecosystem services and to supply scientific foundation for protecting and managing the ecosystem in the Shiyang River basin.\nBased on the theories of human culture, philosophy, and political economics, and taking the Shiyang River basin, which is located in the arid inland, as a case, the dissertation explores theoretically the value of ecosystem services and focuses on the ecological economic reseach on the ecosystem in its lower reaches.\n1. The dissertation explaines the meaning and implication of the value of ecosystem services and explores the relationships between ecosystem and human ecosystem and human activites from multiple perspectives, pointing out the significnce of understanding correctively ecosystem. It realizes the value of ecosystem services from philosophical and political economic perspectives, and discusses the advantage and disadvantage of using the labor value theory, effective value theory and existence value theory to study the value of ecosystem services. And it induces the thinking and framework of studying the value of ecosustem services and the method to evaluate it. It disserts the significance to understand and evaluate the value of ecosystem services. \n2. The dissertation discusses the relationship between the water resources and the landscape, climate and vegetation in the Shiyang River. It analyzes the complex transformation between ground water and underground water, and points out that the total water resources is 16.59×108m3, among which the ground water resource is 15.60×108m3, the underground water resource, which not repeating the ground water resource, is 0.99×108m3. \n3. Over-extracting underground water year after year leads to successively lowering of the underground water level and deterioration of the underground water quality, which in turn causing soil Salinization and land desertification. It is pointed out that the increasing population and its caused increasing farmland are the basic causes of the ecosystem crisis in the Shiyang River basin. By analyzing the trend of the water resource change in the basin, the dissertation concludes that the runoff of the Shiyang River will stay in a relatively stable level, with a little decrease, and forecasts the requirement of the water resources in future. And then it discusses the un-nationality of the socio-economic system under the limiting condition of water resources. \n4. Using Costanza’s method, the study estimates the total value of ecosystem services in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River.The total value has decreased from RMB9.976×108 in 1994 to RMB8.475×108 in 2005, and exhibited clearly a regularity. That is, the value of all types of ecosystem with high natural biomass has shown a trend of decreasing, the value of forest and grassland ecosystem services declining RMB0.089×108, RMB1.559×108 respectively, and the value of all human-disturbed types of ecosystem services has displayed a trend of increasing, the value of farmland, water, and desert ecosystem services rising RMB0.008×108, RMB0.039×108 and RMB0.100×108, respectively. Employing the worldwide-used method evaluating the value of environmental goods－condition value method (CVM), the dissertation calculates the renewal value of ecosystem services in Minqin, and concludes that the economic profit of the renewal value of ecosystem services in Minqin oasis is over RMB3.41´107 per year and the total economic value of renewing ecosystem in 20 years is at least RMB5054´108. \n5. From different perspectives of SEEA(social environmental and ecological account), emergy calculation and the EF (ecological footprint), the dissertation analyzes the status of sustainable development in Minqin oasis and shows that the ecosystem development in Minqin oasis is unsustainable and goes towards deterioration.\n6. Based on the analyses of the value of ecosystem services, the renewal value of ecosystem services and the status of sustainable development of ecosystem, the dissertation, starting from levels of material culture, spirit culture and regulation culture, suggests detailed measures to establish the ensuring system of sustainable development of ecological economic system in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River. Finally it points out the issues that need further study.\nKeywords: the Value of ecosystem services; CVM; Emergy analysis; Environmental economic accounting; Sustainable development; The lower reaches of the Shiyang River; Minqin |
| 中文关键词 | 生态系统服务价值 ; 生态经济 ; CVM ; 环境经济帐户 ; 能值分析 ; 生态足迹 ; 可持续发展 ; 石羊河下游 ; 民勤 |
| 英文关键词 | the value of ecosystem services environmental economic accounting CVM sustainable development emergy analysis the lower reaches of the Shiyang River Minqin |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286564 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 石惠春. 石羊河流域下游生态系统服务价值研究[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2007. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [石惠春]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [石惠春]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [石惠春]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
