Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 民勤地区荒漠化研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on land desertification of minqin oasis |
| 马绍休 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 王涛 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 荒漠化是当今全球面临的最严重环境与社会经济问题之一，倍受国际社会的关注。民勤地区的荒漠化问题尤其严重，引起了社会的广泛关注，中央领导对民勤的荒漠化问题也特别重视。针对民勤的荒漠化问题，采用了土地荒漠化的遥感监测和统计数据的室内分析，本文重点分析民勤地区荒漠化过程、成因及防治对策，得出以下主要结论：\n其一、荒漠化过程：历史时期，民勤绿洲有由人类活动引起的三次较明显的沙漠化过程；现代荒漠化主要表现为绿洲外围天然和人工植被的退化，流域最下游的北部（湖区）大面积农田弃耕，土地迅速盐渍化；1998-2003年5年间，极重度荒漠化土地增加了5498.52ha，重度荒漠化土地增加了3700.13ha，中度荒漠化土地减少了6086.08ha，轻度荒漠化土地减少了1081.80ha，总荒漠化土地增加了2030.73ha，从整体上看荒漠化面积在增加，程度在加深。荒漠化土地的变化主要集中在沙漠化耕地的变化，1998年重度沙漠化耕地中因为弃耕而演变为极重度沙漠化耕地的有1952.48ha；1998年重度沙漠化草地、中度沙漠化林地、轻度盐渍化土地转化为2003年的重度沙漠化耕地共计5529.09ha，分别为2317.19ha、2130.10ha、1081.80ha，占2003年沙漠化耕地总面积7489.45ha的74%。\n其二、荒漠化成因：自然因素，干旱、大风、丰富的沙物质以及特殊的地理位置为荒漠化提供了条件；人为因素，上中游地区对水资源的大量消耗和人工调控，导致上游来水量减少，民勤地区无序开垦破坏植被和土壤原生结构，严重超采地下水，地下水水位下降，水质变坏，导致植被退化。\n其三、对策及建议：常规荒漠化防治技术和政策成本高，效益低，可以缓解当前矛盾，但很难保证绿洲长期持续发展；民勤荒漠化防治及持续发展新战略：实施“虚拟水”战略可减轻水资源的供需矛盾；加大农村人力资源开发，促进农村人口“流动”，实现农村人口主动“转移”，两项措施同时实施，可相互弥补，最终实现民勤地区持续发展。 |
| 英文摘要 | Land desertification, which had attracted the concerns of international society, is one of serious problem of environment and economy, Land desertification problem is much more serious in minqin, administration of state had paid much attention to the problem. With regard to the land desertification of minqin, adopted the measures of Monitor desertification by Remote Sensing and analysis statistical data inside , the study paid much attention to progress，factors and the way of prevention, based on the monitoring results and statistics data. Results of the study show that: \nProgress of land desertification: in historical time, there are three times obvious Aeolian desertification due to the damage of the human active; in contemporary time, the land desertification showed the nature and artificial vegetation reduction of out-circle oasis and land salty in north bake area ; in the nearly five years, the number and extent of desertification increased in the past five years, the total desertification area increased 2030.73ha, In terms of the extent of desertification, the area of very serious and serious desertification increased 5498.52ha，3700.13ha individually, however, the area of the light and moderate desertification decreased 1081.80ha、6086.08ha respectively. In terms of the transform between desertification types, it focused on that the plough land transformed into desertification, as the monitoring results shows: there were 1952.48ha very serious Aeolian desertification plough land in 2003 from the serious Aeolian desertification plough land in 1998. with regarded to the 7489.45ha serious Aeolian desertification plough land in 2003, it was from serious Aeolian grass land、moderate Aeolian desertification forest land and light Aeolian desertification salty land in 1998, respectively, 2317.19ha、2130.10ha、1081.80ha, the total number is 5529.09ha, which account for 74% of the total number of the Aeolian desertification plough land in 2003. \nFactors of land desertification: the factors of land desertification include Physical factor and man-made factor, as far as minqin is concerned, Physical factors, such as arid，strong wind，abundant of sandy, and particularly location, are the basis of the land desertification and provide the necessary condition to land desertification; human active，which showed in two aspects, are the factors of the land desertification of minqin. First, the ground water, which is from upper reaches of shi Yang river, became less and less due to consume and control of ground water by upper reaches people. Second, the decline of the level and quality underground water, as a result of the abundant reclaiming land and exploiting groundwater for the irrigation, contributed to reduction of vegetation and ecosystem and leaded to the land desertification.\nCountermeasure and suggest: it is difficult for the convention policies and technologies of prevention measures of land desertification to ensure sustainable development of minqin oasis in long-terms , even though it can solve contemporary paradox, because it’s high cost and low efficient. In order to success in preventing land desertification and gaining sustainable development, new measures should be adopted as quickly as possible, the first one is Virtual Water strategy, which could relieve the pressure of water resource; second, improving the quality of people and exploiting the human resource could promote the flowing of people from the countryside to urban, at the same time, it can relive the population pressure of minqin. The sustainable development of minqin will become reality, if the two measures will be taken. |
| 中文关键词 | 民勤 ; 荒漠化遥感监测 ; 自然因素 ; 人为因素 ; 可持续发展 |
| 英文关键词 | Minqin Monitoring desertification by Remote Sensing Physical factors man¬ -made factors Sustainable development |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286555 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马绍休. 民勤地区荒漠化研究[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2007. |
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