Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 典型草原区达乌尔黄鼠的空间利用模式 | |
| 其他题名 | Space use pattern of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) in typical steppe |
| 刘亮 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 宛新荣 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院动物研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus)分类上隶属于啮齿目(Rodentia)，松鼠科(Sciuridae)，松鼠亚科(Sciurinae)，黄鼠属(Spermophilus)。该鼠种在国内分布有3个亚种：河北亚种、东北亚种和甘肃亚种。在国外见于俄罗斯的外贝加尔及蒙古国的东部，在我国北方大部分地区均有分布。是广泛栖息于蒙古高原、荒漠草原和典型草原地带的优势鼠种。\n有关达乌尔黄鼠的生态学研究工作，国内多数是在1960年以后开展的。这些工作涉及到达乌尔黄鼠的食性、年龄鉴定与年龄组成、生理适应、繁殖特征以及种群数量变动等多个方面，但是对该鼠的空间利用和活动模式季节性特征方面的研究鲜见报道。本文以典型草原区达乌尔黄鼠为研究对象，分析其空间分布格局的季节动态，探讨性别、年龄、种群密度因素与达乌尔黄鼠巢区面积和活动距离之间的关系。为进一步深入研究达乌尔黄鼠的婚配制度和生活史策略提供基础资料。\n本项研究于2006年3月——11月在内蒙古典型草原区进行。研究样地有两个: 样地A位于赤峰市阿其乌拉苏木，为密度较高的种群； 样地B位于内蒙古锡林浩特市白音锡勒牧场，为低密度种群。两样地主要植被为羊草，冰草、冷蒿，苔草等。采用标志重捕技术和直接观察法研究方法研究了两样地内达乌尔黄鼠巢区利用和活动模式。为研究季节因素对达乌尔黄鼠巢区利用的影响，分别于5月、8月和10月份对两样地内黄鼠进行了重捕。结合剪趾法和染色观察法记录了不同重捕期两样地内标志的达乌尔黄鼠个体的空间位置和体重，繁殖等生理情况。并在自然条件下通过鼠类行为观测记录达乌尔黄鼠的活动情况及栖息地空间利用情况。\n通过对不同密度种群三个季节达乌尔黄鼠巢区和活动距离的观测，得到以下结果：\n1．\t达乌尔黄鼠的巢区大小存在季节性变化。在夏季，个体拥有最大的巢区面积，其次为秋季，最小为早春季节。巢区面积的这种季节性变化可能是动物在不同阶段生态或环境因素和能量需求综合作用的结果；\n2．\t在繁殖季节，雄性成体的巢区面积显著性地大于雌性个体，而在非繁殖季节，雌、雄个体拥有相对一致大小的巢区面积；成体和亚成体巢区面积大小并未发现有明显的差异。但在夏季和秋季，成年达乌尔黄鼠巢区面积显著大于幼鼠；\n3．\t达乌尔黄鼠活动距离的变化同巢区面积是一致的。繁殖季节雄性成体比雌性活动距离要长，非繁殖季节则没有显著差异；夏、秋两季，成年个体的活动距离要显著性的高于幼体；夏季幼鼠的活动没有显著地性别差异，但在秋季的低密度种群中，和雌性幼体相比，雄性幼鼠有着较长的活动距离；\n4．\t在两不同密度的种群中，密度较高种群个体拥有较小的巢区面积。巢区面积与种群密度呈负相关关系；\n5．\t随着幼鼠的生长发育，幼鼠与成鼠和同窝幼鼠的巢区重叠度逐渐下降，幼鼠与母鼠的显著性地巢区重叠可能反映了一种延迟的出生扩散，达乌尔黄鼠雌性幼鼠和母鼠不形成单一家族的母鼠“家族丛(Kin clusters)”。 \n上述研究结果说明内蒙古典型草原区达乌尔黄鼠的巢区面积有着显著的季节性差异，同时性别和年龄等因素和黄鼠的空间利用存在着直接的相关关系，种群密度对达乌尔黄鼠的巢区面积和活动距离起着负相关作用。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus) is one dominant species wildly distributed in Mongolia, desert steppe and typical steppe. They also are found in regions of Transbaikaland and eastern of Mongolia. The full accounts of the taxonomy of Daurian ground squirrel are as follows: Family, Sciuridae; Order, Rodentia; Class, Mammalia. There are 3 subspecies in China: Hebei sub-species, Dongbei sub-species and Gansu subspecies. \nThe ecological research of Daurian ground squirrel has been carried out since 1960. Most studies concerned about the specialty to food and food consumption、age composition and classification、physiological adaptation、reproduction characteristic and annual population variations of this species. But till now, there are no researches about seasonal variation of space use and movement of this species. As the more studies of population regulation mechanisms, the more importances were attached to the correlation of home range sizes and intrinsic factors of populations. The importance of learning about home ranges stems not only from the intellectual need to understand animal movement, but also from the practical value in the determination of the size of the home range: it is intimately related to a variety of ecological phenomena ranging from population organization to animal behavior. The aim of our study was to: \n1) Gain a better understanding of ranging behavior and use of space of individual Daurian ground squirrel in typical steppe, Inner Mongolia China; \n2) Discuss the differences in home range sizes in relation to sex and age factors, and this study will provide essential information for further research in mating systems and life history strategy of Daurain ground squirrels.\n This study was conducted in the Xilinhot Grassland Inner Mongolia from May to September, 2006. There are two experimental sampling areas. One is area A situated in Aqiwula Hexigten——a relative higher density population. The other is the sample plot B in field not far away from station. The two sample areas are typical steppe; Vegetation in our field consists primarily of Asragalus galactites, Artemisia frigida, Stipa sp., Afropyrum cristatum, Artemisia sieversiana, Caragan pygstenophylla and Cleistogenes squarrosa. We used capture-mark-recapture and direct observation methods to study the seasonal variation of home range sizes and movements of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) in this two populations. In order to study the seasonal variation of home range sizes of squirrels, we carried the recapture procedures for 3 times in the two sample areas: during May、August and September. We recorded the precise positions、body weight and reproduction status of each marked individuals during the sample periods using toe-clipping method and dying-observation method. We also recorded the movements and burrows utilization of Daurian ground squirrels under nature conditions.\nWe get such results from the study of home range sizes and movements of two different densities populations for three seasons: \n1.\tThe home range sizes of Daurian ground squirrels varied considerably among seasons. Individuals keep the largest ranges in summer, the next is autumn, and they maintain the smallest home range sizes in early spring. The variation in home-range size among different seasons may result from ecological or environmental factors and energetic requirements among different stages;\n2.\tRanges of adult males were largest during the breeding season. Adult females and males have relatively the same home range sizes except breeding season. No significant differences were found between adults and yearlings’ home range sizes. Adult Daurian ground squirrels’ home ranges sizes were significant larger than that of juveniles for summer and autumn seasons. \n3.\tDaily mean move distance varied similar to the variations of home range sizes. Males only traveled longer distance than females during breeding season, no difference was observed in non-breeding season; adults had longer distance movement than juveniles in summer and autumn. Juveniles’ movement did not have sex difference for summer season, but in low density population, male juveniles tend to move longer than females in later autumn;\n4.\tPopulation density had a negative effect on the home range size and movement of Daurian ground squirrels in higher density’ population, individuals maintain lower home range sizes;\n5.\tThe home range overlap between offspring and adult squirrels and between sibs will decrease as pups grow up. Juveniles will gradually establish his own territory, the significant overlap between juveniles and mother may reflect a delayed natal dispersal, the results suggested that retention of juvenile Daurian ground squirrels in or near mother’s range will not lead to the single-family female kin clusters, unlike Richardson’s ground squirrels, round-tailed ground squirrels, and Belding’s ground squirrels.\n\nIn conclusion, our study reveal that home range sizes of Daurian ground squirrels varied significantly among seasons, reproduction、sex and age are responsible for such variations. Home range size can vary within this species due to differences in body size, and population density. |
| 中文关键词 | 达乌尔黄鼠 ; 标志重捕法 ; 巢区面积 ; 季节性变化 ; 巢区重叠 ; 活动距离 ; 密度差异 |
| 英文关键词 | Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus) capture-mark-recapture method seasonal variation home range movement home range overlap Density |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院动物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286554 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘亮. 典型草原区达乌尔黄鼠的空间利用模式[D]. 中国科学院动物研究所,2007. |
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