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| 东亚钳蝎Mesobuthus martensii （Karsch 1879）的系统进化和生物地理演化：遗传学初步研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Phylogenetic and biogeographic evolution of the Chinese scorpion Mesobuthus martensii (Karsch 1879): A preliminary genetic study |
| 石承民 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 张德兴 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院动物研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 东亚钳蝎Mesobuthus martensii （Karsch 1879）是传统中药的重要成分，其毒素富含具有潜在医学和农业应用价值的生物活性物质。然而，东亚钳蝎的生物学研究基本上处于空白状态，对其地理分布尚未开展过系统的调查，对其系统进化地位也尚未进行过深入的分析。本研究通过系统野外调查和生态位模型预测确定了东亚钳蝎的自然地理分布范围，并运用线粒体DNA标记对东亚钳蝎的系统进化地位和地理演化格局进行了研究。\n 东亚钳蝎主要栖息在湿润-半湿润地区，分布于北纬43度以南，长江以北，贺兰山、腾格里沙漠、毛乌素沙地以东的广大地区。在其分布区的西侧干旱-半干旱地区，另一种正钳蝎——条斑钳蝎Mesobuthus eupeus (C. L. Koch 1839)广泛分布。在西北地区，两种正钳蝎的分布区重叠形成了一个窄的接触带。这种分布格局的形成是基础生态位要求和两种正钳蝎相互影响共同作用的结果。\n 线粒体DNA序列分析表明，在整个分布范围内，东亚钳蝎是一个单系群，可能起源于中亚。生态位模型预测结果也支持东亚钳蝎中亚起源假设。\n 东亚钳蝎和条斑钳蝎在共同分布区及其邻近地区的种群明显经历了近期的种群扩张。但两种正钳蝎种群扩张起源点不同。在贺兰山和六盘山交汇处可能存在条斑钳蝎的避难所。\n 庙岛群岛和环渤海地区，东亚钳蝎的种群存在两个高度分化的谱系。这两个谱系在大范围内同域分布，表明它们在进化历史上曾因环境变化被隔离，后来再次扩散相遇。多数东亚钳蝎岛屿种群是一次建群事件的结果，而在两个岛屿上，东亚钳蝎可能多次建群。庙岛群岛在东亚钳蝎由山东半岛向北扩散的过程中起到了桥梁作用。\n 在整个分布区，东亚钳蝎的系统发生生物地理格局十分复杂，存在多个显著分化的谱系，其中西部的3个谱系具有明显的特异地理分布格局，而东部的几个谱系的地理分布存在大面积的重叠。谱系的这种分布格局表明，东亚钳蝎在其分布区的东部和西部的进化历史可能不同，东西部谱系受环境变化影响的程度也可能不同。东亚钳蝎的一些分布区和一些谱系具有保护上的优先性。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Chinese scorpion Mesobuthus martensii (Karsch 1879) had long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and its venom is extremely rich in bioactive peptides with potential medical and agricultural applications. However, knowledge on the biology of the Chinese scorpion is very limited. Neither its geographic distribution nor its phylogenetic status has ever been systematically examined, not mentioning genetic analysis. In this thesis, the geographic distribution of M. martensii was determined through a combination of systematic field surveys and ecological niche modeling, and its phylogenetic and biogeographic evolution were addressed using evidences from mitochondrial DNA sequences. \n Mesobuthus martensii (Karsch 1879) is widely distributed in the humid —semi-humid regions, appearing to be restricted to latitude south of 43 ºN and the north side of the Yangtze River, bordered by the Helan Mountains and the Tengger and Mo Us sand desert in the west and limited by the sea in the east. Another congeneric speices, Mesobuthus eupeus (C. L. Koch 1839) distributed in the west of the range of M. martensii, dwelling arid and semiarid regions. The two species show a parapatric distribution on the whole with a contact zone formed at the boundary of their ranges. This pattern of distribution is shaped both by the fundamental ecological niche constraint of the species and possibly by the biological interactions between the two species. \n Range-wide genetic survey of mtDNA revealed that M. martensii is a monophyletic group and probably originated from Central Asia. This hypothesis is also supported by the ecological niche modeling.\n Both M. martensii and M. eupeus in the contact zone and its adjacent areas appear to have undergone recent population expansions, with different geographical origin of the source populations. A refuge for M. eupeus should have existed somewhere between the Helan Mountains and the Liupan Mountains.\n Two divergent mtDNA lineages were discovered in populations on the Miaodao archipelago and the circum-Bohai region. The broad sympatry of the two lineages implied their historical isolation and recent secondary contact, caused by historical environmental changes. It appears that scorpions on most Miaodao islands were due to a single colonization, but on two islands M. martensii may have colonized more than once. The Miaodao archipelago seemed to serve as step-stones for the northward dispersal of M. martensii.\n Across the entire range, M. martensii displayed some complex phylogeographic patterns. Several divergent lineages were revealed by mtDNA sequences, of which the three lineages in the west were geographically structured, but the lineages in the east showed geographical admixture. This suggested different evolutionary history of and/or different environmental impact on these lineages across the distribution range of this species. \n Some conservation priorities were also proposed for the Chinese scorpion according to results from our genetic analysis. |
| 中文关键词 | 东亚钳蝎 ; 条斑钳蝎 ; 系统发生生物地理学 ; 生态位模型 ; mtDNA ; 气候变化 ; 接触带 ; 种群扩张 ; 分子系统发生 ; 扩散建群 |
| 英文关键词 | Mesobuthus martensii Mesobuthus eupeus phylogeography ecological niche modeling mtDNA climate change contact zone population expansion molecular phylogenetics dispersal and colonization |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院动物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286553 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 石承民. 东亚钳蝎Mesobuthus martensii （Karsch 1879）的系统进化和生物地理演化：遗传学初步研究[D]. 中国科学院动物研究所,2007. |
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