Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 霍林河流域洪水规律及其对洪泛湿地景观格局影响研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Flooding variations and correspoinding effects on floodplain wetland landscapes of Huolin river catchment |
| 卢晓宁 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 邓伟 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 河流洪泛湿地是以洪水作为其主要补给水源的重要湿地景观类型，洪泛作用是河流洪泛湿地发展演化的主要控制因素。洪水这一特殊的陆地水文过程，它不仅限于狭义理解上的洪水灾害，而是河流对洪泛区生态系统的一种正常干扰，是洪泛湿地，尤其是干旱半干旱区洪泛湿地的重要生态水源，对维持洪泛区高度的景观异质性和生态系统平衡具有重要意义。\n本文从洪水对洪泛湿地，尤其是干旱半干旱区洪泛湿地的生态维系功能角度，针对目前人类活动干扰天然洪水进程，剥夺洪泛湿地重要生态水源，割裂河流与洪泛区湿地天然水力联系，限制洪水生态功能发挥，导致洪泛湿地退化和生态环境恶化，及更为严重的洪水灾害的严峻形势，选择具有生态功能重要性，生态环境脆弱性和生态环境问题突出的霍林河流域下游为研究靶区，以其退化洪泛湿地景观为研究对象，通过对霍林河流域洪水规律的认识，对比分析不同洪水时期和典型洪水前后霍林河流域下游洪泛湿地景观格局演变，探讨霍林河流域下游洪泛湿地景观格局演变的洪水驱动因素。\n论文主要从以下几个方面开展研究：\n（1）探讨洪水对洪泛湿地景观格局影响的理论基础，为开展洪水对洪泛湿景观格局影响研究提供理论支撑。\n（2）分析霍林河流域洪水径流演变规律，以分析一般径流演变规律为基础，着重分析洪水径流演变规律，为下一步进行洪水时期划分提供重要依据。\n（3）通过对比分析不同洪水时期下霍林河流域下游洪泛湿地景观格局演变，揭示人类活动干扰下的洪水对洪泛湿地景观的影响。\n（4）选取霍林河1998年特大历史洪水作为典型洪水，采用时间上从洪水前后，空间上从洪泛区与非洪泛区对比分析方法，研究典型洪水前后霍林河流域下游洪泛湿地景观格局演变。\n论文研究得出的基本结论包括：\n（1）霍林河流域径流量演变总体上呈上升趋势，且在20世纪80年代中后期发生一次增长突变，径流量演变的年代际和年际周期变化明显。\n（2）霍林河流域洪水径流量演变阶段性变化特征显著，1985年前后发生洪峰增长突变，洪水径流量演变主要存大于30a尺度年代际周期和小于10a尺度年际周期变化。\n（3）霍林河流域下游五个不同洪水时期为：1955s以前天然洪泛期、1955s～1965s大洪水期、1965s～1985s小洪水期、1985～1997年超标准洪水期、1998～2002年特大历史洪水期。\n（4）霍林河洪泛作用有助于流域下游草地和湿地景观的恢复，改善流域盐碱化和沙化状况，但这一功能的发挥，受径流量大小，洪水量级及洪泛频率影响。中等量级洪水洪泛作用有助于退化草地景观恢复及沙化状况的改善，超标准洪水洪泛作用可进一步恢复流域退化的湿地景观，降低土地盐碱化程度，但却在一定程度使沙化土地面积增加。偶发的特大历史洪水具有改善流域退化洪泛湿地景观的功能，虽然效应是短暂的，但对自然湿地景观的恢复功能却非常显著，且具有一定长效性。因此，恢复霍林河流域下游退化洪泛湿地景观，需要大洪水，尤其是超标准洪水的频繁洪泛作用，而要恢复洪泛湿地的基质功能，则需要增加特大历史洪水的洪泛作用。\n（5）耕地和人居地景观体现出以人类活动作用为主，洪水作用微弱。特大洪水导致的洪泛区两种人造景观较大的转换输出变化说明，在洪泛区应推广避洪农业，并引导居民向非洪泛区迁移定居，以减少突发洪水造成的经济和生命财产损失。林地景观演变受人类滥砍滥伐活动和国家政策导向，及霍林河洪水径流综合作用影响，超标准洪水地长期频繁洪泛作用有助于林地景观的恢复，但特大历史洪水对洪泛区林地景观却产生较强的破坏作用。因此，基于研究区乔木植物群落较强的耐旱特性，林地景观的恢复重点应在非洪泛区。 |
| 英文摘要 | Floodplain wetlands, a crucial wetland landcape, are characterized by seasonal flood distruabnces. River flooding has a control function on the development and evolvement of floodplain welands. Flooding, acting as a peculiar land-surface hrdrological process, is not confined to the narrow sense of flood disaster, but an natural disturbance of the river to its floodplain ecosystem. The flood is the ecological water supply sources for floodplain wetlands, especially for those in the arid and semi-arid regions, and is of great significance for the maintenance of the high landscape heterogeneity and ecosystem banlance of floodplains.\nFrom the point of view of the eco-maintenance function of the flood to floodplain wetlands, especially to those in arid and semi-arid regions, aiming at human disturbing activities on natural flood processes, which has deprived the ecological water sources of floodplain wetlands, dissevered the natural hydraulic interactions between the river and its floodplain wetlands, restricted the ecological function of the flood, led to the degeneration of floodplain wetlands, caused ecoenvironment being worsened and more serious flood disasters, choosing the lower reaches of Huolin river catchment as study area for its feature of ecological function fundamentality, ecological environment fragility and prominent eco-environment problems, taking its degraded floodplain wetlands as study object, the research on flooding variations and its corresponding effects on floodplain wetland landscape dynamics of Huolin river catchament was being carried out. By investigation the flooding variations of Huolin river catchment, and comparative analysis of floodplain wetland landscape dynamics in diversiform flooding periods, as well as before and after the representative flood, our main purpose was to discuss the flood driving forces of the floodplain wetland landscape evolvements in the lower reaches of Huolin river catchment.\nThis thesis mainly discusses:\n(1) the theory basis of the flooding effects on floodplain wetland landscape.\n(2) the analysis of flooding variations of Huolin river catchment.\n(3) the comparative analysis of floodplain wetland landscape dynamics in diversiform flooding periods.\n(4) the floodplain wetland landscape changes before and after the representive flood of Huolin river in 1998.\nThe basic conclusions include:\n(1) The runoff of Huolin river catchment shows an obviously ascending tendency. The greate increase tendency around the year of 1985 has arrived at the level of an abrupt change. The runoff of Huolin river varied obviously in periods of inter-decadal and inter-annual scales.\n(2) The flood runoff of Huolin river catchment varied in periods, and around the year of 1985, an abrupt change took place with a small flood changing into a large flood. The flood runoff of Huolin river varied mainly in two time scales, with the inter-dercadal variation longer than 30 years and inter-annual variation shorter than 10 years.\n(3) The flooding variations of Huolin river is set off in five periods, before 1955s as a natural flood period, 1955s～1965s as a large flood period, 1965s～1985s as a small flood period, 1985s～1997 as an above standard flood period, and 1998～2002 as an extraordinary history flood period.\n(4) The flooding actions of Huolin river help to restore the grassland and wetland landscapes, ameliorate the salinized and sandy status. The ecological function of Huolin river flood to its downstream floodplain wetland landscape is affected by the amount of runoff, the level and frequency of flood runoff. The flooding actions at middle levels help to ameliorate the degraded grassland and sand land landscapes, and the flooding actions at the level above averages can futher recover the regressive wetland landscapes, level down the severity of salinized land, but make sand land expand to a certain extent. The extraordinary flood happening by chance has a short-term ameliorating function on the degraded floodplain wetland landscapes, but has a long-term recovery function on the natural wetland landscapes. So, it is necessary to increase the frequency of large flooding actions, especially, those above averages, for the recovery of the degraded floodplain wetland landcapes in the lower reaches of Huolin river catchment, but for a further recovery of the basement function of the floodplain wetlands, the extraordinary flooding action is in need. \n (5) The infield and residential land landscapes are mainly affected by human activities. The high amount of those two landscapes changing into other landscapes in flooded areas demands that it is necessary to develop floodrefuge agricultures in flooded areas, and to lead residents to settlement in none flood areas, that the loss of economy and lives caused by abrupt flood can be decreased. The woodland landscapes develop with the comprehensive actions of the deforestation activities, country policy guide and the flooding of Huolin river. The flooding actions at the level above averages help to recover the woodland landcapes, but the flooding actions of extraordinary flood can badly destroy the woodland landscapes in flooded areas. So, considering the ability of draught endurance of the wood species, the recovery action of woodland landscapes should be concentrated on the none flood areas. |
| 中文关键词 | 霍林河流域 ; 洪水径流 ; 洪泛湿地 ; 景观格局 |
| 英文关键词 | Huolin river catchment flood runoff floodplain wetland landscape |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境科学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286552 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 卢晓宁. 霍林河流域洪水规律及其对洪泛湿地景观格局影响研究[D]. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2007. |
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