Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黄河源区玛多县土地利用/覆被变化及驱动力分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Analysis of LUCC and its Driving Forces in Madoi County, the Source Region of Yellow River |
| 张帅 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 邵全琴 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着黄河流域水资源供需矛盾的日益突出，黄河水资源的主要来源之一——黄河源区也逐渐受到人们的关注。近年来，在自然因素和人为因素的共同作用下，区内的生态环境急剧退化，表现为土地沙漠化、草场退化和水土流失加剧等过程。玛多县是黄河源区退化较为严重的一个县，其生态作用对黄河的安危有直接的影响。\n\t本文借助遥感、地理信息系统手段，对玛多县的三期历史影像进行了人机交互式目视解译，构建了1977年、1990年和2003年3期土地利用/覆被数据库以及草地覆被变化数据库。基于土地利用/覆被数据库，从土地利用/覆被变化的数量、类型差异、转移矩阵出发分析了玛多县土地利用/覆被变化的特征和规律，运用景观生态学的理论与法分析了玛多县的景观格局特征。在此基础之上构建了元胞自动机，模拟了玛多县土地利用/覆被变化。基于草地覆被变化数据库，分析了草地覆被的时空变化特征，并且利用地形数据、气象数据、载畜量数据进行驱动因子分析，主要结论如下：\n\t1、玛多县主要的土地利用/覆被类型为草地，玛多县草地占玛多全县总面积77.93%，主要变化表现在灌木林向高覆盖度草地的转变，草地覆盖度的降低，低覆盖度草地向沙地的转变。\n\t2、玛多县的景观格局变化呈现阶段性的差异，玛多县景观破碎化程度在1977-1990年呈下降趋势，1990-2003年呈上升趋势，斑块形状变得复杂。\n\t3、玛多县共计56.60%的草地上发生了草地覆被变化，所发生的草地覆被变化均以轻度和中度为主，主要的类型为破碎化/覆盖度下降。玛多县的草地覆被变化主要集中在海拔为4200-4700米的范围，坡度为0-15度的地方，在15度以上发生的草地覆被变化较少。随着坡向的变化，发生各种变化的差别不是很大。\n\t4、利用玛多县的高程、坡度、坡向、居民点、道路、水系数据分析了基本地理控制条件对玛多县土地利用/覆被变化的影响。基于1990年土地利用/覆被数据模拟2003年的土地利用/覆被状况，与2003年的实际数据对比，kappa系数达到0.8801。\n\t5、玛多县气候变化呈现暖干的趋势，导致湖泊干涸、萎缩，沼泽萎缩等现象的发生。玛多县虽然在研究时段内草地发生了严重的退化，但是这些退化现象的雏形在70年代的遥感影像上已经可以找到，说明该地区的草地覆被变化格局在早期已经形成。在载畜压力较大的地方草地退化较为严重，结合我国政策变动的过程，发现玛多县的牲畜数目的变化受政策影响较明显，并影响草地退化的发生。 |
| 英文摘要 | In recent years, the source region of yellow river has become an important research focus area. Because of both natural factors and human activities, the degradation in this region is significantly serious in past serval decades. Degradation has a great impact on the ecosystem health in the source region of yellow river. The most serious degradation happened in Madoi County.\n\tUsing remote sensing techniques and GIS tools, we interpret remote sensing images, which were collected in 1977, 1990, and 2003, respectively, by using man-computer interactive visual interpretation and constructs the land use and land use and land cover change (LUCC) database and grass cover change database. By analyzing LUCC database, we can draw conclusions about information on LUCC, and then modeled its changes in research region with CA model. Based on the grass cover change database, we has analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of grass cover, and has made driving forces analysis by using meteorologic data, carrying capacity data and so on. Finally we point out the pattern of the grass cover change in Madoi County. Primary conclusions are as following:\n\t1、Land cover in research region happens in grassland which accounts for 77.93% of the total area in Madoi county. Primaryly, two land changes occur in Madoi County. One is that the forest has replaceed the grassland with high coverage. The other is that the grassland with high coverage has replaced sandlot. Land cover change types are descended of grassland cover and low cover grassland change into other type using land.\n\t2、Landscape pattern in Madoi County has differences in different periods, fragmentation of landscape increases from 1977 to 1990, but decreases from 1990 to 2003. The spatial patch patterns are complex.\n\t3、Area of change grassland cover account for 56.6% in all grassland area in Madoi County. Grassland cover change type is fragmentation/descend-cover. Grassland cover change happens in which height is 4200-4700m and, whose slope ranges from 0 to 15, in Madoi County.\n\t4、Based on LUCC data in 1990, we simulate LUCC in 2003. Compared to LUCC in Madoi County in 2003, the value of Kappa index is 0.8801. \n\tClimate has become warmer and dryer in Madoi County. This makes lakes dry and swamp shrinking. This also made grass cover changing. In Madoi County, grass degradation pattern existed in 1970s. It has been found that the changed grassland cover was serious in the area where carrying capacity is low and the number of livestock has been affected by the policy which makes a considerable impact the change of grassland cover. |
| 中文关键词 | 土地利用/覆被变化 ; 遥感 ; 草地覆被变化 ; 元胞自动机 |
| 英文关键词 | Land use and land cover change remote sensing grass cover change cellular automata |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286538 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张帅. 黄河源区玛多县土地利用/覆被变化及驱动力分析[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2007. |
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