Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 我国干旱/半干旱地区陆面过程及其对区域气候影响得数值模拟研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Land Surface Process over Arid/Semi-arid Areas in China and the Simulation Study of its Impacts on Regional Climate |
| 朱德琴 | |
| 出版年 | 2007 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 陈文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 干旱/半干旱区在全球广泛分布，该地区地表有着与湿润地区不同的特殊陆面物理过程，该类型地表的陆面过程对全球气候和大气环流的贡献都十分明显，我国西北干旱区沙漠戈壁面积广泛，该地区的陆面过程对我国季风环流和西北干旱气候的形成有着深刻的影响，对西北干旱荒漠区陆面过程的研究在我国目前的地球科学研究领域显得相当重要。然而，长期以来，我们对干旱/半干旱地区陆面过程还缺乏较为深刻、系统的认识，以往对干旱/半干旱地区的陆气相互作用研究主要集中在两个方面：一是通过对实际观测资料的分析来研究该地区的陆面过程及其他气象要素的基本特征；另一方面是通过数值模式模拟来研究该地区的陆面过程及该地区陆-气相互作用对气候的影响，即大部分只是通过敏感性试验来进行研究。但是以往的研究并没有能够很好地将实际观测资料与模式结合起来进行研究。\n本文针对上述不足，根据野外观测试验获得的资料，将观测资料与模式模拟紧密结合，主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：\n（1）\t首先对观测资料进行分析，得出典型干旱区地表热量平衡中感热占主导地位，潜热很小几乎可以忽略不计；半干旱区在干季近地面层能量收支中，下垫面上的有效能量（净辐射与地表热流量之差）主要分配为感热通量，潜热通量在非生长季（干季）通常很小。在湿季（生长季），潜热通量与感热通量相当。\n（2）\t其次，就其地表辐射收支特征与高原地区进行对比，分析研究了干旱、半干旱区陆面过程特征与高原地区的异同；本文通过将野外观测资料与NCEP资料的对比研究指出：NCEP/NCAR再分析资料从总体来说，能够反映基本的变化趋势和一些突变情况，但在表征我国西北干旱区的辐射收支和能量通量时，在量值上存在很大误差。\n（3）\t本文通过利用MC（Multi-criteria）方法,通过陆面模式单点（off－line）试验，对陆面模式中的参数进行了修正，提出适合干旱/半干旱地区荒漠戈壁、退化草地等典型下垫面具有代表性的陆面过程基本参数。并将这些参数应用到区域模式中，通过改进区域模式，提高了区域模式在中国区域的模拟性能。\n（4）\t利用改进的区域气候模式，对西北干旱、半干旱区下垫面感热加热变化对区域气候的影响进行了敏感性试验研究。结果表明：东亚区域气候系统对西北干旱、半干旱区的感热变化是十分敏感的。\n上述研究能够极大地推动我国关于干旱/半干旱区陆-气相互作用的研究，并对中国实现西部大开发的战略目标提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要 | Arid and semi-arid areas are the widest areas in the world (taking up about 1/3 of terrestrial area). There are about 6,700,000 km2 arid and semiarid, grassland and desert areas in China, 82.8% mainly distributing in Northwest China. The special land-atmospheric interactions in these areas not only are significant for the local climate and environment change, but also impact on that of East Asia and even the circumfluence in global scale. The sensible heat flux in arid and semiarid areas in Northwest China is strongest over Eurasia continent in summer, and the atmospheric thermodynamic process over these areas is closely related to their land surface process characteristics. In recent years, some large-scale field experiments over arid and semi-arid areas in North China have been carried out and have obtained a mass of valuable observational data and a series of research results, such as “HEIFE Experiment” and “Field Experiment on Interaction between Land and Atmosphere over Arid Region in Northwest China” (NWC-ALIEX). However, the earlier studies have focused primarily on the characteristics and causes of dry climate in arid and semiarid areas in China. Most land surface studies and land-atmospheric interaction research just focused on analyzed the observed data and constructed sensitive experiments over arid and semi-arid areas. It was still \nIn recent years, some large-scale field experiments over arid and semi-arid areas in North China have been carried out and have obtained a mass of valuable observational data and a series of research results, such as “HEIFE Experiment” and “Field Experiment on Interaction between Land and Atmosphere over Arid Region in Northwest China” (NWC-ALIEX) and Tongyu Field Experiment, one of the reference sites of the CEOP) (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period), which provided reliable measurement data of land surface process in North China. However, previous studies mainly concern the analysis of various characteristics of land surface process in North China from these observational results. These observational data have not been adopted to improve the performance of the land surface models over arid and semi-arid areas in China. And the observed data and the model were not well combined.\n In this study, we analyzed the observed data firstly; the result showed that the sensible heat flux is dominant in energy balance over arid and semi-arid areas. By compared the radiation budget between arid and semiarid regions and Tibet, we found that there are big differences of radiation budget between these different land surfaces. Then the NCEP reanalysis2 data are compared with the observed data from field experiments. The results show that the Reanalysis data can represents the general trend of the reality world, but there are sill big error for the values compared with observations. To improve the simulation of the land surface model over arid and semi-arid areas of north China, the observation data of NWC-ALIEX and Tongyu are implemented to calibrate the parameters in land surface model BATS through MC (multi-criteria) method. Different kinds of observational variables over Dunhuang (one of NWC-ALIEX field sites) and Tongyu are used to compared with model output and provide more reasonable parameters for BATS model. The calibrated result showed that the optimal parameters can improve the simulation performance of land surface model and regional climate model. Finally, to explore the effects of sensible heat flux of arid and semi-arid areas in China on regional climate change over East Asia, a series of sensitive experiments were conducted by using the improved regional climate model. The result showed that the East Asia climate system is very sensitive to the changes of sensible heating over arid and semi-arid areas in China. |
| 中文关键词 | 干旱/半干旱 ; 野外观测资料 ; 参数标定 ; 陆－气相互作用 ; 敏感性试验 ; 区域气候模拟 |
| 英文关键词 | arid/semi-arid areas land surface process parameter calibration regional climate modeling |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 气象学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286529 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 朱德琴. 我国干旱/半干旱地区陆面过程及其对区域气候影响得数值模拟研究[D]. 中国科学院大气物理研究所,2007. |
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