Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 河西内陆河流域土地利用驱动水资源格局变化研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on Water Resource Distribution Change of Modality Have Drived With Land Use and Land Coverage in Hexi Inland River Baisin of Northwest China |
| 刘进琪 | |
| 出版年 | 2005 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 王根绪 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着全球范围内IGBP和LUCC计划地推行，有关流域土地利用与覆盖变化对流域水文过程和水资源的影响问题的研究成为热点和前沿。国内外研究结果反映出土地利用与覆盖变化对流域水文过程以及水资源分布格局的影响在不同地带由于其不同的地域特性和水资源特性而不同。针对干旱地区内陆河流域水资源严重不足的特点，开展区域实例研究和不断深入总结经验和理论探索，认识土地利用与覆盖变化对流域水文过程和水资源影响的一些事实和规律，来揭示土地利用变化对水资源分布格局的影响，以此寻求水资源持续利用支撑经济社会的可持续发展，成为自然地理研究工作者的核心目的。\n 土地利用变化对水文过程影响的结果，就是直接导致水资源空间和时间分布格局发生变化，从而对流域生态、环境以及经济发展等多方面产生深刻影响。中国西北干旱区内陆河流域具有不同与外流河流域的独特水文循环特征和水资源分布特性，同时具有丰富的土地利用资源与之全然不匹配的十分紧缺的水资源的制约矛盾，由此产生了土地利用的最大化驱动水资源在空间尺度和时间尺度上均发生着再分配的变化。\n 基于土地利用与水资源分布格局双重关系的研究，包含了广泛的遥感技术、影像解译技术、GIS技术。涉及水资源要素的流域特性研究，水文循环过程分析，内陆河流水资源分布规律的再认识过程，贯穿于景观生态学、生态水文学、寒区水文学、气象气候学、农业科学、统计分析学等领域。在土地利用与水资源关系分析中，重点采用了数值模拟、相关分析、回归分析、模糊数学等方法，建立数学模型以及对比分析等理论。得出以下结论：\n 1、分析了最近20年来河西内陆河流域土地利用与覆被的流域分布规律，得到了三个水系土地利用要素的空间分布格局与变化趋势。\n 2、利用分段比重百分比指标法分析了20年间土地利用与覆被的变化。结果表明，祁连山区覆被类要素普遍减小，中游土地利用类要素大幅度增加，下游荒漠类要素显著增加，灌木和高覆盖草地显明减少。全流域变幅最大的是农村居民用地和城镇居民用地，其次是耕地和人工林地，第三是低覆盖草地。\n3）利用河流水量轨迹变化分析方法，得出了内陆河流存在着总流长（LRW）、理论稳定峰值（QP）、峰现流长（LP）、衰减流长（LQD）的演变规律：除石羊河外，QP与LP受土地利用与覆被变化的影响很小，降水等气候变化成为决定因素；LRW与LQD均受到土地利用与覆被变化的影响，产生了显著的缩短趋势且呈现加速收缩的现象。\n4）在出山后的高程度土地利用区间河段，流量存在显著的延时效应，其中在月频率20%条件下时，上下游的流量差别在80%以上。\n5）土地利用对河川径流的影响，突出表现为汛期径流损耗量与耕地面积变化成正相关关系；枯期径流随着耕地面积的扩大呈现减少的趋势；春季径流量与损耗量在不同流域受耕地面积变化的影响不同；最大月径流及基流频率分布变幅加大等规律。\n6）河川径流位移和零水资源尺度指标不断向河源收敛，单位流量流长同样存在向河源收敛的规律，土地利用驱动地表水向河源集中，向地下水转化加速。\n7）土地利用对地下水补排过程影响的结果是：加快了地下水补给过程与补给量；更加促使地下水排泄过程发展，加大了排泄量；导致区域地下水储量减少，地下水位持续下降。\n8）地表水资源和地下水资源的整体分布由中下游向上游移动，由地表水向地下水转化，中下游的地下水储量持续减少，尾闾湖枯竭。 |
| 英文摘要 | With introduce of IGBP and LUCC plan in the whole world, the influence of arable land use and coverage on hydrograph and water resources of the river basin has becoming hot research point. Research results from both home and abroad show that the influence of land use and land coverage on hydrograph and water distribution is various in different regions due to changes of terrains and water resources formation. Based on severe water shortage situation of inland river basin, to carry out regional research and find out theory，to understand influence of land use and coverage chenge on hydrograph and water distribution, so as to reveal the impacts on water resources distribution due to variations of land use, and to achieve sustainable social and economic development through rational use of water resources. \nThe change of hydrologic process resulting from land use will directly lead to change on both space and time distribution of water resources, thus bring profound impacts on ecologic system, environment and economy and so on. Inland river basin in dry northwest part of China has special water cycle and water distribution characteristics which differ from anywhere else，the abundant land resources in these areas didn’t match with severe shortage of water resources, so water resources will be re distributed at both space and time to satisfy optimal use of land resources.\nDue to the double layer research on land use and water resources, the research involves water elements oriented river basin characteristics research, water cycle process analysis, understanding refreshing on water distribution rules of inland river basin，with technology concerning remote sense, video explaining and GIS, the knowledge covers sight ecology, ecological hydrology, frigid hydrology, meteorological climate, agriculture, statistic and analysis and etc. For relation analysis between land use and water resources, data simulation, correlation analysis, regression analysis, blurred math and other methods are adopted to set up mathematic model as well as correlation analysis theory, the results are showed as follows: \n1、Sectional land use elements distribution chengs of 3 water systems have been obtained through analysis on distribution rules of land use and vegetation in Hexi inland river basin in two decades. \n 2、Changes on land use and vegetation in last 20 years have been analyse by means of sectional proportion percentage index. The result shows that vegetation elements generally decreased in Qilian Mountain, land use elements increased in middle reach and desert elements increased obviously in downstream, shrub and grass decreased significantly. The most significantly changed is rural and urban resident land use, the next is arable land and artificial forest, the third is grass. \n 3）With water track movement analysis method, it is found that evolvement rule do exist between :a length on river of had water（LRW）, theoretic peak of water quantity（QP）、a length on arisen peak of water quantity,（LP）、a length on decline water quantity （LQD）in inland river basin: LP and QP have not chengs in He and Shang river, LP and LQD have shorten in all.\n4）. Flow prolong domino effect exist in some sections after col .\n5）For influence of land use on river runoff, it is found that runoff losses in flood season increase as the extension of arable land area; the range of maximum monthly runoff and essential stream frequency increase; the runoff in drought season has a decrease trend with extension of arable land; runoff and it’s losses varies in Spring due to different arable land area in different river basin. \n6）Land use in plain area speed up the transfer of surface water to ground water. \n7) Research on influence of land use on ground water recharge and drainage process has been carried out based on ground water recharge and drainage theory, the result shows that land use cause decrease of ground water storage as well as continuous drop of water table.\n8）General water distribution moved from middle and down stream to upper stream, and water transfer from surface to ground water, water storage in middle and downstream continuously decrease, as a result the most downstream area dry out. |
| 中文关键词 | 内陆河流域 ; 土地利用 ; 覆被变化 ; 生态环境 ; 水资源 ; 水量轨迹 ; 水文过程 ; 三水转化 ; 流域尺度 ; 零水资源尺度 ; 河流健康 |
| 英文关键词 | Inland river basin land use changes of vegetation，eco-environment，water resources，water volume track，hydrological process，3 water transfer river basin scale，zero scale of water resource，river health. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286443 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘进琪. 河西内陆河流域土地利用驱动水资源格局变化研究[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2005. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [刘进琪]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [刘进琪]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [刘进琪]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
