Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 辽宁省生态系统评价与生态功能分区研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Ecosystem Assessment and Ecological Function Regionalization of Liaoning Province |
| 王治江 | |
| 出版年 | 2005 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 李培军 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 生态系统评价是为了向决策者提供生态系统管理信，息而对生态系统结构、功能进行分析，并根据其变化趋势及驱动力提出相应措施的综合研究过程。生态功能分区是依据生态系统胁迫过程与效应、生态环境质量、敏感性和生态系统服务功能重要性等特征空间分异规律而进行的地理空间分区，目的是辨析区域生态环境问题与生态环境脆弱区和良好区，明确优先保护的生态系统和地区，为生态保护与建设、产业结构调整与优化及区域生态系统分区管理提供科学依据。本研究以辽宁省域生态系统为对象，在生态环境调查的基础上，分析了生态环境状况及变化趋势，进行了生态环境质量、敏感性和生态系统服务功能重要性评价，辨析了存在的生态环境问题及驱动力，明确了生态环境质量、敏感性和生态系统服务功能重要性空间分布格局，然后对辽宁省进行了生态功能区划分，并指出了各功能区生态保护与建设的重点和措施以及产业结构调整与优化的对策和方向研究结果表明，在经济和人口增长的长期胁迫作用下，辽宁省生态环境问题依然严峻，主要表现为：土地退化，地表水污染严重，森林质量下降和功能减弱，草地减少与退化并存，天然湿地萎缩，滩涂和海岸带生境恶化，生物多样性面临威胁，农业面源污染凸显，生态系统抗干扰能力下降，生态灾害加剧。全省生态环境质量超过2／3属于一般以下水平，其中优级面积仅占12.56％，良好级面积占18.71％，主要分布在东部及东南部；一般级面积占34.25％，主要分布在中部、北部和南部；较差级面积占34.48％，主要分布在西部及西北部。全省县级市及县有44个，其中生态环境质量为优的仅有4个市县，占总县数的9.09％；生态环境质量为良的有7个市县，占总县数的15.91％；生态环境质量一般的有19个市县，占总县数的43.18％，生态环境质量较差的有14个市县，占总县数的31.82％。全省处于轻度至高度敏感区域。高度敏感区占34.00％，主要分布在辽东山地丘陵、辽东半岛、辽西低山丘陵、辽西北、柳绕地区和大洼县。辽东山地丘陵、辽东半岛和辽西低山丘陵主要是土壤侵蚀高度敏感。辽西北和柳绕地区主要是土地沙漠化高度敏感。大洼县是土壤盐渍化高度敏感。中度敏感区占能．66％，与高度敏感区相间分布。轻度敏感区占3.34％，零星分布在辽东，在辽西和辽河平原也有少量分布。全省生态服务功能均处于比较重要以上。极重要地区占60.66％，基本分布在辽东、辽西和辽河平原的北部与盘锦滨海地区，辽东主要为水源涵养、生物多样性保护、土壤保持、营养物质保持，辽西主要为土壤保持、生物多样性保护、水源涵养、营养物质保持，辽北主要为土壤保持，盘锦滨海地区主要为生物多样性保护。中等重要地区占37.01%，基本分布在辽河平原，在辽东、辽西也有分布，辽河平原主要为土壤保持、水源涵养，沙漠化控制，辽东和辽西主要为土壤保持，辽西北为沙漠化控制。其它地区为比较重要地区，仅占2.33％，主要分布在辽东和辽河平原，在辽西也有少量分布，主要为土壤保持。在生态系统评价的基础上，首先根据地貌和气候划分出4个生态区，即辽东山地丘陵温带湿润半湿润生态区、辽河平原温带半湿润生态区、辽西低山丘陵温带半湿润生态区、辽南环黄渤海海岸带生态区。在明确生态区的基础上，依据生态系统类型与过程的完整性，以及生态服务功能类型的一致性，划分出21个生态亚区。依据生态环境质量、敏感性及生态服务功能重要性等的一致性，进一步划分出52个生态功能区。 |
| 英文摘要 | Ecosystem appraisal is to undertake analysis on ecosystem structure and function and further put forward relevant countermeasures upon developing trend and driving momentums of the ecosystem in order to provide decision-makers with ecosystem management information. Ecological function zones are classified and categorized by their spatial and geographic characteristics and factors like ecosystem functioning and effect, ecological environment quality and sensitivity, importance degree of ecological service function, etc. The purpose of such classification is to identify ecological environment problems; differentiate zones with fragility and magnitude; draw out a priority list of ecosystem and environment protection; and provide scientific basis for the ecological environment protection and establishment and the management of ecological function zones. This study not only undertakes an overall analysis on the current status and developing trend of ecological environment in the territory of Liaoning Province, but also evaluates the quality and sensitivity of the whole ecosystem; specifies the importance of ecosystem service functions; identifies the existing problems and drive momentums; and also differentiates and analyses the quality and sensitivity of the ecological environment and the importance of ecosystem service functions upon their various spatial and geographic distributions. This study further marks off different ecological function zones in Liaoning Province and also presents relevant key tasks, goals and measures of protection and establishment of the ecological function zones. The results show that, with the ever-increasing of population and economy development, Liaoning is facing severe ecological problems presented by its soil erosion, surface water pollution, declining forest quality and function, meadow decrease and degradation, natural wetland shrinkage, coastal and offshore environment deterioration, declining biodiversity, protruding agricultural pollution, descending ecosystem anti-interfere ability, intensified natural calamities, etc. There are more than two-third of ecological environment areas in the territory of Liaoning Province being or less than the general level. It is estimated that the top grade (very good) amounts tol2.56 percent and the second grade (better) is 18.70 percent, which both stand in the east and southeast of Liaoning; the general grade reaches 34.23 percent, which locates in the middle, north and south of the province and the remaining 34.46 percent in the west and northwest even worse than the general level. In Liaoning, there are 44 counties and cities at county level, in which there are 4 counties in top grade being 9.09 % of the total, 7 in better grade being 15.91%, 19 in general grade being 43.18 % and 14 worse than the general level reaching 31.82%. Liaoning province stands in areas of ecosystem with sensitivity through low to high degrees. Areas with sensitivity at high-level amount to 34.00%, which mainly locate in east mountainous terrain area, Liaodong peninsula, west hilly brokenterrain area, northwest Liaoning, Liurao area and Dawa County. Amongst the east mountainous terrain area, Liaodong peninsula and the west hilly brokenterrain area are of high sensitivity on soil erosion; the northwest of Liaoning and Liurao area are of high tenderness on desertification; and Dawa County is delicate on soil salting. Areas with sensitivity at middle-level account for 62.66%, alternatively distributed over the high delicate areas. Low delicate areas get to 3.34 %, mainly in the east as well as a little in the west and Liaohe Plain. |
| 中文关键词 | 生态系统评价 ; 生态功能分区 ; 生态系统敏感性 ; 生态系统服务功能 ; 辽宁省 |
| 英文关键词 | Ecosystem assessment Ecological function regionalization Ecosystem sensitivity Ecosystem service function Liaoning Province |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286432 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王治江. 辽宁省生态系统评价与生态功能分区研究[D]. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,2005. |
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