Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
北疆阿克达拉大气气溶胶的理化特性及本底特征研究 | |
其他题名 | Characterization and Background Analysis of Aerosols at Akdala, Northern Xinjiang |
严立文 | |
出版年 | 2005 |
学位类型 | 硕士 |
导师 | 张小曳 |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所 |
中文摘要 | 通过2004年7月-2005年3月期间在我国北疆地区阿克达拉对大气气溶胶的连续观测、采样与实验室分析,获得了阿克达拉观测站大气气溶胶中PM10时间序列,测定了整体TSP和部分PM10样品的元素含量、可溶性离子组分和全部样品的有机碳气溶胶(OC)和元素碳气溶胶(EC)含量,并对此观测站气溶胶的本底理化特征进行了分析和评估。具体结果如下:1.阿克达拉PM10质量浓度的时间序列表现出平均的质量浓度较低,远低于城市背景含量的特点,与瓦里关,临安等本底站点的浓度相当;受风速和降水的自然因素和放牧扬尘的人为因素影响,夏秋季节PM10浓度较高,且变化范围较大;冬季浓度较低,变化范围较小,且可能主要受远程的粉尘气溶胶传输和人为燃煤源等支配;长期质量浓度变化主要反映了北疆地区的总体背景状况,而短期变化则受局地气象条件控制。2.对气溶胶样品的后向轨迹分析显示,该区气溶胶的传输路径主要包括三条:一条是源于俄罗斯,经哈萨克斯坦东北部和阿勒泰市传输至阿克达拉,一条是从蒙古西部传输到阿克达拉,另一条是从哈萨克斯坦西部和西南部的沙漠半荒漠地区传输到阿克达拉。3.对2004年8月份PMI。的物质平衡计算结果显示,阿克达拉站点大气气溶胶中粉尘的比重最大,为35%,OM(有机物)和可溶性离子组分次之,分别为22%和16%,EC约占2%的比重,其他物质约占25%。说明该区气溶胶中的组分以自然源物质为主,同时人为活动也有贡献,但相对较小。4.夏末秋初(7月26日-9月10日)TSP和PM10样品的PIXE元素分析结果表明:无论在TSP还是PM10中元素的平均浓度很低,质量浓度均小于1μg/m3。其中Ca、Fe、K四种元素大气载荷较高,且富集因子分析显示,地壳源是这三种元素的主要物源,S、As、Se、Pb等元素主要源于污染物释放;Pb、Ze、S主要富集在细粒子中,而Cl、Cu主要富集在空气动力学粒径>10μm的粗粒子上·表明Pb、S、Ze等主要为远源或区域输送,Cl、Cu等主要来源于局地源。与瓦里关站点相比,自然源对污染元素的贡献相对较低。5.对夏末秋初TSP和PMI。样品的离子色谱分析表明:可溶性离子组分浓度以SO42-、Ca2+为最高,SO42-浓度约为瓦里关、临安等(1994年10月)大气本底站的2一3倍,其他离子浓度相当或偏低;TSP中主要离子成分来源于局地释放,水溶性钙离子的变化主要表征了远源气溶胶的贡献,而Na+、Cl-、Mg2+、K+的浓度变化,显示了采样区域土壤盐渍化的特征,主要反映了局地源的贡献;部分SO42-、NO3-可能来源于地壳盐类;另外,SO42一与NH4+的相关性表明阿克达拉站点的气溶胶存在地壳源和人为污染源的混合。6.OC、EC的分析结果表明:夏末秋初阿克达拉OC、EC浓度很低,EC浓度值刚好介于瓦里关和临安本底站之间;冬季OC、EC浓度值明显高于夏秋两季,OC/EC为夏秋季节高于冬季,平均约为2,5倍,主要反映了夏秋两季有更多的SOC(二次转化有机碳)气溶胶的形成;OC.EC质量浓度,OC甩C在夏秋季节变化幅度较大,一是反映了来源可能较多,二是反映了二次有机碳转化较多,冬季情况正好相反;OC/EC的变化主要与EC浓度的变化和OC浓度的变化特别是二次有机碳气溶胶的形成有关。根据OC/EC和EC的关系,三种可能的组合也许反映了不同类型来源和不同远近来源的贡献:1.EC浓度介于0-0.25之间,OC/EC值大于10,可能代表了较大量的OC存在或者二次有机碳转化较多的碳气溶胶特征,并显示出远源或区域输送的碳气溶胶明显存在的特征;2.EC浓度介于0.25-0.75之间,OC/EC介于4-8之间,可能主要代表燃煤源有所贡献,且区域输送也有一定表现的碳气溶胶特征;3.EC浓度大于0.75,OC/EC小于4,可能主要代表燃煤源有较大的贡献,且基本为污染源排放控制的特征,显示出局地源的影响明显。以上结果初步表明,阿克达拉站点的气溶胶组分总体含量较低,人为活动释放的污染物影响较小。气溶胶组分既有远源和区域输送物质的信息,也有明显的局地影响。部分时段可代表北疆区域大气本底状况,但建议加高采样平台(例如:建一个50-100米的铁塔),以尽量收集到区域混合的气溶胶信息,开展长期连续的气溶胶观测研究。 |
英文摘要 | Observations on aerosols were conducted continuously at Akdala air background station during July>2004~March?2005.The temporal series of PMto concentrations were obtained,elemental and ionic concentrations and OCEC values were cietected,and the characterizations of aerosols were investigated.The main conclusions were stated below: 1. The analysis on PMio concentrations indicate that:the mean concentrations of PIVf 10 in Akdala is far lower than that in cities and is in the same level to background station such as Waliguan and Lin'an. The mass concentrations is much higher and varies frequently in Summer than which in winter.The variety of mass concentrations in long-time scale reflect the total background conditions in North of Xinjiang ,but the short-time scale varieties are controlled by local meteorologic conditions. 2. Through back trajectory analysis we conclude that there are three dominant pathways impacting aerosol composition in Akdala,of which the most important pathway is mainly from Kazakhstan .passing through the Aletai city and another through deserts and semi-deserts in southwestern Mongolia. This two ways all pass through sources of Asian dust.Another pathway is from Russia,passing through Kazakhstan and Aletai city. 3.\tFour source percentages were acquired for PMio in August,2004.The percentage of dust is35%,which show that aerosols in Akdala is mainly from natural .OM and soluble ions account for 22% and 16% respectively.EC is about 2% which is a indicator of human influence. 4. Trough doing the proton induced X-ray emission(PIXE)analysis among TSP and PM10 sampled in early autumn,we concluded: elemental concentrations is very low in both TSP and PMlO.Some elements such as Ca^ Fe^ S> K are main elements and come from the crustal sources, but elements such as S^ As> Sex Pb are released by human activities. The locations of Pb^ Ze. S in fine particles and CK Cu in coarse particles showed that Pb% Zev S are transported here in the long way and CK Cu have local resources.Compared with Waliguan station , the natural contributions account\nless part. 5. TSP and PMIO were analyzed by Ion Chromatography and the results showed that : The concentrations of SO42~\\ Ca2+ are highest among all the ions.Compared with Waliguan and Lin'an station the concentrations of S(>42~ in Akdala are about probably double or triplicate and other ions are almost similar. Main ions come from local sources; the varieties of water soluble Ca2+ mainly reflect the contributions of romote areas.Characteristics of Na+\ |
中文关键词 | 气溶胶 ; 本底观测 ; 离子色谱 ; 碳气溶胶 |
英文关键词 | Aerosol Background observation Ion Chromatography Carbonaceous aerosol back tracjectory |
语种 | 中文 |
国家 | 中国 |
来源机构 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所 |
资源类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286401 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 严立文. 北疆阿克达拉大气气溶胶的理化特性及本底特征研究[D]. 中国科学院地球环境研究所,2005. |
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