Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 中国北方风力侵蚀过程及其对土壤碳库的影响研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Research on Wind Erosion Process and its Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Pool in Northern China |
| 胡云锋 | |
| 出版年 | 2005 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 刘纪远 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 土壤风力侵蚀是中国北方土地退化、土地荒漠化最主要的自然驱动力。应用137cs方法及遥感、地理信息系统等现代地球化学分析技术和现代地球信息技术，可以从田间和区域两种尺度对土壤风力侵蚀过程及其对土壤碳库影响展开研究。以内蒙古太仆寺旗为研究区，通过多层次、高精度的土壤剖面采样，分析了137cs活度与土壤深度、土壤有机质含量、土壤粒配组成以及土地利用类型／土地覆被等级的关系，建立了该地区土壤剖面中137Cs的深度分布函数，并指出土壤中I37Cs粒子主要被土壤中的有机质组分以及50一IO0um的土壤粘粒所吸附。根据不同的土地利用类型中土壤I37Cs的分布特点，分别使用质量平衡模型和剖面分布模型，定量计算得到各样点的土壤风力侵蚀速率。通过土壤常规理化分析手段，应用分形学方法，并结合土壤风力侵蚀速率估算成果，得到风力侵蚀过程中土壤粒度分布分维、土壤有机碳、全氮含量等参量的变化规律，指出土壤粒径分布分维主要反映了细颗粒物质的影响，土壤粒径分布分维可以用于指示土壤侵蚀强度；论文还得到了该地区不同土地土壤中有机碳、全氮的流失比率以及表征土壤有机碳、全氮总量与土壤侵蚀模数之间定量关系的数学模型。论文从土壤颗粒的选择性侵蚀、农耕活动、植被影响以及土壤自然演化等方面分析了上述参量变化的内在机制。基于遥感技术和地理信息系统，以内蒙古自治区为典型研究区，利用遥感解译的土壤侵蚀数据和空间化的气象观测数据，分析了内蒙古地区风力侵蚀的空间格局，并进行了地区对比研究；研究还对区域尺度上风力侵蚀格局与土地利用／土地覆被、地形、地貌以及土壤干燥度、大风日数、风速风能等多种地理，气象环境背景因子的关系进行了深入地讨论，分析了它们之间存在的相关关系。论文详细分析了风力侵蚀过程中土壤碳库的主要变化，并据此建立了基于质量平衡的土壤碳库变化估算模型。利用遥感解译的土壤风力侵蚀数据及第二次全国土壤普查数据，分析了中国北方表层土壤有机碳库（0一ZOcm）以及中国北方风力侵蚀的空间格局，并定量估算得到中国北方土壤因风力侵蚀所致的土壤碳库流失。研究表明，风蚀所致的中国北方。一20cm土壤有机碳流失约为59．76xl叭c／yr，coZ排放约为11．95一4：1．83《10tC行r。风力侵蚀所致的土壤有机碳流失主要分布在西北部地区，最严重的土壤有机碳流失主要分布在内蒙古的中西部以及青海的中南部地区。 |
| 英文摘要 | Wind erosion is the main natural driving force of land degradation & land desertation in northern China. Wind erosion process and the effects on the soil carbon can be assssed in field scale and region scale by using the modern geological chemistry analyse technique and modern geo-science information technique including 137Cs technique, remote sensing and Geographic Information System (G1S).Taipusi Qi, the county of Inner Mongolia Automous Region, was selected as the case study region. Through the multi-layers sampling process with high precision, the relationships between 137Cs activity and soil depth, the content of soil organic carbon, soil particale size distribution and land use type / land cover degree were investigated firstly. Then the function of 137Cs activity along soil depth was built up, and the facts were accepted that 137Cs particles were mainy absorbed by soil organic matter and silt particles with dimension of 50-100um. According the specific spatial pattern of soil 137Cs under different land use / land cover, the annual wind erosion violocities (wind erosion modulus) were calculated quantitatively by selecting simplified mass balance model or profile distribution modeLCombining with the quantitative results of wind erosion assessment, according to the normal physical & chemical analyses, the changes of fractal dimension of soil particle size distribution, soil organic carbon content and the total soil organic nitrogon content were explored. It was indicated that the fractal dimension of soil particle size distribution was sensitive to the content of clay, and the fractal dimension could be taken as index of wind erosion intensity. The loss ratio of soil organic carbon & total nitrogen induced by wind erosion and the corresponding function between the losses and wind erosion modulus were also obtained. Many processes including selective erosion, cultivation activities, effects of vegetation cover, and natural evolvement of soil aggregates had effects on the above changes.Based on remote sensing and geographical information system techniques, in the case study region of Inner Mongolia Automous Region, by using the greoraphical wind erosion data interpreted from TM image and the geographical weather data interpolated from observation data, the regional spatial pattern of wind erosion in Inner Mongolia was depicted and contrasted by administrative regiones. The relationships between wind erosion pattern and many environmental background factors including land use / land cover, terrain and relief, soil aridity index, the number of high wind velocity days, and wind energy index were disscaused deeply.Also by using the geographical wind erosion data interpreted from TM image and the geographical soil organic carbon data derived from the 2nd national soil surey, the spatial distribution pattern of surface soil organic carbon content ( 0-20cm ) and wind erosion intensity were described firstly, and then the carbo loss induced by wind erosion in the north of China was calculated. It was indicated that the total carbon loss induced by wind erosion was about 59.76* 106t C/yr, and the CO2 emission during win erosion process was about 11.95-41.83 xl06t C/yr. The main regiones of carbon loss He in the western-northern of China, while the seriously loss regions lie in the mid-west of Inner Mongolia and the mid-south of Qinghai Province. |
| 中文关键词 | 风力侵蚀 ; 遥感 ; 环境背景 ; 土壤有机碳 |
| 英文关键词 | 137cs wind erosion 137Cs (caesium-137) remote sensing environmental background soil organic carbon |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286398 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 胡云锋. 中国北方风力侵蚀过程及其对土壤碳库的影响研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2005. |
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