Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 柴达木盆地白剌成分及功效学研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on Constituents and Pharmacodynamics of Nitraria in Chaidam Basin |
| 索有瑞 | |
| 出版年 | 2004 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 汪汉卿 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 在柴达木盆地广裹的戈壁、沙漠绿洲边缘、盐碱滩地、青藏公路和铁路沿线大量集中分布以唐古特白刺（NitrariatanglomumBorb）和水果白刺（Nitrariasibi）icaPall.）为主的白刺群落，每年秋季自刺枝头挂满了营养丰富、保健作用独特的红、紫、黑色的白刺果实，十分诱人。白刺是防风固沙的优势建群种之一，为旱生灌木，抗逆性极强，具有耐干旱、耐盐碱，抗高温和耐严寒的生物学特性。在柴达木盆地生态环境保护和沙漠、荒漠化治理中有很高的生态价值。白刺具有广谱的医疗与营养保健作用，同枸记、沙刺乏等经济植物一样，是西部蒙、藏、维等少数民族的传统药材，厂肠泛用于多种疾病的治疗，只有很高的经济价值。由于基础研究工作薄弱，自刺开发利川的科学依据不足．使丰富的自刺资源未得到规模化开发利用，反而人为破坏现象十分严重。本项研究重点对自刺各部位化学成分、营养作用、医疗保健功能等进行了较为全面、系统和深入的研究，取得了以下重要研究成果和结沦，为自刺深度开发，将资源优势转化为经济优势，提供了利学依据和技术支撑：1、对唐古特白刺和小果白刺的主要营养成分进行了分析评价与种间比较。结果表明，两种白刺中各部位氨基酸、脂肪酸、蛋自质、维生素、矿物质以及黄酮类等营养素含量非常丰富，营养保健价值很高，只行良好的开发潜力；有古特自刺和小果白刺各部位间营养戈分种类与含量毕木无明显差异，在开发产品时两利I白刺可以通用，可以相互替代。2、采用高脂饲料诱导小鼠和大鼠建立高脂动物模型，灌胃给予白刺果实4周，测定各组实验动物的血清血脂水平，井李则定大鼠全红细胞SOD活性和血清脂质过氧化物（LPO）分解产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化。结果显示自刺果实1.8g／kg和3.6g／kg剂量对高脂饲料诱导的小鼠和大鼠血清犯、TG及大鼠的LDL具有显著的抑制作用；同时可显著升高高血．脂大鼠HDL/TC和HDL/LDL的比值，提高高血脂大鼠SOD活力和降低高血．脂大鼠MDA含量；对大鼠体重和正常小鼠血＿J脂水平无明显影响。表明白刺果实具有降血脂、防治动脉粥样硬化和抗氧化作用。3、采用四氧ll＠淀所致的糖尿病小鼠和大鼠模型、肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的高血糖小鼠模型，以及正常小鼠口服给予白刺果实，测定各模型组实验动物的血糖水平；并进行了急性毒声胜试验。白刺果实1.8g／kg和3.6g／kg剂量对四软啼陡所致糖尿病小鼠有较好的治疗作用，可提高四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病大鼠的糖耐量；对肾上腺素、葡萄糖引起的高血糖小鼠亦有明显的降血糖作用，但对正常小鼠的血糖无明显影响；急性毒性试验表明，其最大灌胃量为53.5g／kg。结果表明，白束」果实对多种高血糖动物模型具有较好的降血＿糖作用。吐、采用环磷酞胺所致的免疫功能低下的模型小鼠试验白刺果实的免疫口涂竹作用，并进行了抗疲劳和耐寒冷试验。结果表明；自刺果实3.69／kg灌胃剂星能显著增强模型小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发性超敏反应；1.89／kg和3.6g／kg灌胃剂量能显著提高模型小鼠血清溶血素生成能力；3.6g／kg灌胃剂量可显著减轻环磷酰胺对小鼠胸腺DNA含量的抑制作用；3.6g／kg灌胃剂量能显著提高小鼠抗疲劳和耐寒冷能力。5、在白刺果实中，种子（果核）的重量．占整个果实的35％～40％，是白刺资源的重要组成部分。为利用这部分资源，对白刺果核的化学成分进行了提取、分离、纯化和鉴定，分离得到了6种化合物，分别为：①胡萝卜首（aucosterol）；②4-Hydroxypipecoljcacid；③槲皮素（qolereetin）；④Allantoin；⑤1，2，34-Tetrahydro-1-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxyacid⑥L-Tyrosine6、白刺种子中的油脂含量10～12％，具有较高利用价值。以超临界CO2萃取技术和传统有机溶剂萃取技术对白刺种子油提取。通过比较，表明应用超临界CO2萃取技术萃取白刺籽油具有快速、简便、周期短，整体成本低、分离效果佳、无溶剂残留等优点，所得白刺籽油能保持天然营养和生物活性。采用气相色潜－质谱联用仪娜C／MS）对白刺籽油成分分析，结果显示，白刺籽油中主要有效成分为亚油酸，相对平均含量可达65.85％，这在野生植物中较为少见。为提高超临界CO2萃取白刺籽油的萃取效率和质量，在固定压力、温度和阴：流量的条件下，研究不同的萃取时间对白刺籽油的产率和脂肪酸质量的影响，结果表明最佳萃取时间为6小时，籽油可基本萃取完全而且可保证籽油质量。7、白刺籽油组方中含有的不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是亚油酸、月旨溶性维生素等营养成分，具有显著调节机体代谢、提高机体多种应激能力和降血脂作用：（1）小鼠饲喂33-100mg／kg白刺籽油28天，其负重游泳时间和爬杆时间明显增加，白刺籽油具有显著提高小鼠的运动耐力的功能；服用白刺籽油的小鼠运动后血．清尿素氮和肝糖原含量比相同条件下的对照组小鼠高，说明白刺籽籽油具有促进糖原储备的作用，从而有利于机体抗运动疲劳；服用白刺籽汕的小鼠运动后血液中乳酸含量比相同条件下的对照小鼠显著降低，说明白刺籽油其有减少血液乳酸生成和减少血液乳酸在体内的蓄积，因而具有杭疲劳作用。（2）白刺籽油高剂量组与空白组相比有显著性差异，30mL/kg剂量的白刺籽油可以明显延长小鼠在缺氧状态下的存活时问，说明此剂量的自刺籽油使小鼠具有良好的抵抗低氧状态的能力，有明显的耐缺氧效应。（3）白刺籽油中、高剂量与化学性肝损伤模型小鼠血清谷丙转氦酶（ALT）、血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、肝匀浆丙二醛、肝匀浆谷胱甘肽过较化物酶（GSH-Px）等生化指标间有显著性差异，籽油高、中剂量对四氯化碳引起的小鼠急性化学肝损伤有明显的预防作用。（4）白刺籽油2.5、5.0和10ml/kg·bw剂量均可降TC、TG和LDL的含狱水平，并且有明显的量效关系；中、高剂量白刺籽油可显著和极界著地抑制高！！旨大鼠的’rC、r1G和Ll）L，其降血．脂作用显著；并且显著升高哪日，‘比谊，显著降低叻L川DI』比值，自刺籽油有利于血脂控制和动脉硬化的预防。 |
| 英文摘要 | The research on N. seed oil analyzed by GC/MS demonstrated the dominant active constituent was linoleic acid, whose relative content could be 65.85%. The phenomenon could not be found often among wild plants. It suggested N. seed would be the potential oil resource in the aspect of medicine or health care. In order to improve the extractive efficiency and quality of SFE-CCh, the extractive time effect on the productive ratio and fatty acid quality of TV. seed oil was studied, under the work condition with constant pressure, temperature and rate of CO2 flow. The results indicated the optimal extractive time was 6 hours, and during the course N. seed oil could be extracted thoroughly and its quality could be assured. 7^ The N. oil included the nutrient ingredients of unsaturated fatty acids, especially the linoleic acid and the fatty vitamin, which have the effect of regulating the metabolism > increasing various capacity of handling stimulation and decreasing blood lipid After being fed the N. oil in the proportion of 33~100mg/kg in 28 days, the loaded swimming time and the climbing time of the mouse evidently increased, that is to say, the A', oil has the manifest effect of improving the action tolerance of the mouse; When the mouse took the N. oil and carried out the movement, under the same\nconditions, the contents of serum urea nitrogen liver starch is much higher than the control group. This showed that the N, oil has the effect of prompting glycogen to store up so as to has the advantage of resisting fatigue after movement; After being fed the N. oil and moving, compared with the control group, the contents of lactic acid in the blood has remarkably decreased, that is, the N. oil can decrease the formation\nand the store of lactic acid in the blood, consequently has the effect of resisting fatigue. There is a great difference of the A', oil between the high dosage group and the blank one. 30mL/kg dosage of the N. oil can manifestly extend the survival time of the mouse without oxygen. This stated that the A'', oil of this dosage has good capacity of resisting lower oxygen and manifest resistance effect without oxygen.\n(3)The moderate and high dosage of N. oil has evidently difference with the biochemical indexes such as serum ALT in mice of liver injury n serum ASTn MDA> GSH-Px of hepatic homogenate. The moderate and high dosage of N. oil can evidently prevent mice of liver injury caused by CCI4. (4) The 2.5 ^ 5.0 and 1 Oml/kg ? bw dosage of N. oil can all decrease the contents of TCs TG and LDL, and has manifest determination of dosage; The moderate and high dosage of N. oil can significantly and quite significantly inhibit TCU TG and LDL of rat, which has manifest effect of decreasing blood lipid; Moreover, it can significantly increase the ratio of HDL/TC and decrease the ratio of LDL/HDL. Therefore, the N, oil can benefit to the prevention of arteriosclerosis.\nIn summary, through systematical research it demonstrated TV. in Chaidam Basin was rich in nutrients and active constituents. There was great potential in developing it into medicine, cosmetic and health care food. Therefore, by research on TV. in Chaidam Basin, it not only provides essential guide on the integrated and reasonable development on A;. resource, and supplies the scientific theoretical basis for reasonable usage of different parts of TV., but also establish flat roof of high technique to reassure the health care function and develop seed oil into health care food, which settles the foundation to approaching to the aim of ecological protection, restoration and reconstruction by the routine of developing TV. resource in Chaidam Basin. |
| 中文关键词 | 柴达木盆地 ; 唐古特白刺 ; 小果白刺 ; 唐古特自刺果实 ; 自刺种钧 ; 超临界c0 ; 萃取 ; 营养成分 ; 化学成分 ; 降血脂 ; 抗氧化川钧fll ; 调免疫 ; 抗疲劳 ; 耐寒冷 ; 保护化学性肝损伤 |
| 英文关键词 | 汕 糖 Qaidam Basin Nitrariu tangutontm Bobr Nitraria sibin'ca Pall Fruit of Nilraria umgutorwn Bobr Sitraria seed oil Supercritical COt extraction Nutrition component Chemical component Decreasing blood lipid effect Anti-oxidative effect Hypoglycemic effect Immunomodulatory Anti-fatigue Cold-tolerance Protection for liver injury induced by chemical reagent |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286372 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 索有瑞. 柴达木盆地白剌成分及功效学研究[D]. 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所,2004. |
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