Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 新疆地区河流水质特征及就化趋势分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Character and change of river water quality in Xinjiang Region |
| 刘友存 | |
| 出版年 | 2004 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 叶柏生 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 水资源在内陆干旱区尤为重要，水质的变化对于本地区的生产生活显得更加重要。然而，相比区域水资源量的研究，对于区域水质特征及其变化趋势的研究比较薄弱，缺少对区域水化学特征及其变化的系统认识。新疆由于其自身的独特的地质、地貌、土壤、植被以及气候特征，其河流水质变化亦有很多特性。由于区域经济的持续发展和对水资源的不断强化利用，使流域乃至区域的水化学特征不可避免的发生了改变。本文利用全疆118个水文站50年代末～80年代中期的观测数据，全面系统的分析了全疆的河流水质特征，并对重点流域的进行了详细的研究，主要得出一下几点结论：（1）新疆河流水质具有明显的地带性，总的来说是南部大于北部，东部大于西部，平原大于山区。（2）河流水质的变化与降水量、蒸发量的垂直地带性和区域分布规律有关。山区降水量大，蒸发量小，北疆降水丰富，气温低，蒸发量小，各种阴阳离子、TDS的含量以及碱硬度和PH值高；反之亦然。（3）河流水质的变化与径流量和季节的时空变化有密切关系。6-8月份，径流量大，各种阴阳离子、TDS的含量以及碱硬度和PH值小；3-5月份，径流量小，则TDS、碱硬度和各主要阴阳离子的大。从多年变化看，河流的年均离子总量也随着流量的减小而增大。（4）河流水质与河程的长短有密切关系。河程增加，特别是平原又随着河程增加，致使各种阴阳离子、TDS的含量以及碱硬度和PH值增大。天然水质沿河长的变化速度是上游缓慢，下游较快；小河沿河长变化较大，大河较小。（5）河流水质与河流的径流深度关系密切。河水径流深度大，流速快，各种阴阳离子、TDS的含量以及碱硬度和PH值越低；反之亦然。（6）河流水质与纬度和集水面积有关。集水面积越大，纬度越低，则其化学特征值越大；反之亦然。 |
| 英文摘要 | The thesis presents the character and change of river water quality in Xinjiang Region, using data at 118 hydrometric stations in Xinjiang from the late 1950's to the 1980's. The water resources are very important in arid regions and the water quality plays an important role in the economy and environment in this region. However, compared with the total water resource, scientists always paid less attention to the character and change of regional water resource, so there is lake of systematic knowledge. Because of its special geology, physiognomy, soil, vegetation and climate, the change of water quality in Xinjiang has owner features. With the development of regional economy and the excessive water utilization, it is inevitable that the water quality varies in the river basin even all the region. To analyze on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the water quality in Xinjiang, The water quality data at 118 hydrometric stations in Xinjiang from the late 1950's to the 1980's, published in red hydrologic book, was used as the base of the study. Besides it, we also used some data from good publications. Based on systematically analysis of water quality and its change in rivers over Xinjinag, The main results were shown as the following: It indicates the obvious regional distribution of water quality in Xinjiang. In sum, water quality in the south is higher than that in the north, the east higher than the west, the plain higher than mountainous area. There are good vertical zonality and spatial distribution. The water quality is good in mountainous area because of rich rainfall and little evaporation. The water quality is better in north region of Xinjiang than that in south region due to the high precipitation, low temperature and evaporation in north region. There is significant relationship between the water quality and discharge in river. The long-term observation shows that there is inverse relationship between discharge and the ions, the TDS, rigidity, alkalinity and pH. The factors of the water quality are decreased with discharge increasing. The water quality is good during June-August with high discharge, and it is bad during March-May with low discharge period. The water quality is worse with the river distance from source. The values of Ions, TDS, and rigidity, alkalinity and pH are increased with the flow distance. The increase is obvious in plains. The values of Ions, TDS, and rigidity, alkalinity and pH are decreased with the depth of rivers and increased with the river catchment area. |
| 中文关键词 | 新疆地区 ; 水质特征 ; 离子总量 ; 变化趋势 ; 水化学 |
| 英文关键词 | Xinjiang region the character of water quality the total ions the change hydrochemistry |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286367 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘友存. 新疆地区河流水质特征及就化趋势分析[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2004. |
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