Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黄河流域实际蒸散分布式模型研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Distributed Modeling of Actual Evapotranspiration over Rugged Terrian of Yellow River Basin |
| 曾燕 | |
| 出版年 | 2004 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 刘昌明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 陆面蒸散既是地表热量平衡的组成部分，又是水量平衡的组成部分。然而，陆面蒸散的研究也是一个复杂而古老的难题。现有的蒸散模型都是集总式模型，不能充分考虑下垫面非均匀性对实际蒸散的影响。在区域陆面蒸散研究中，模型的区域化方案尚不完善，对太阳辐射。气温、湿度等输入项，一般都是利用有限点上观测资料经简单内插的方法生成，其精度很难保证，是影响区域蒸散模拟精度的重要原因之一。黄河流域跨越青藏高原区、西部干旱区和东部季风区，流域集水面积大、跨度长、地理环境复杂、气候类型多样，且水资源短缺。生态环境较脆弱。在黄河流域水循环中，蒸散占降水的80％以上，具有重要地位。因此，选择黄河流域进行实际蒸散研究，不仅对实现黄河流域水资源的合理规划和管理，把握区域水资源供需平衡规律，有重要的指导意义，而且对区域陆面蒸散的研究有重要的参考价值。本研究对区域蒸散机理进行了深入探讨，通过数据集群技术，结合全国9个代表性流域观测资料，完整地展现了燕散互补相关关系；充分证实了在流域尺度上存在蒸散互补相关关系；研制了起伏地形条件下太阳辐射（天文辐射。直接辐射、散射辐射等）的定量计算方法，根据太阳光线与起伏地形之间的几何关系和坡地太阳辐射机理，结合晴空指数、直接透射率等综合描述大气对太阳辐射影响的参数，成功地应用数字高程模型解决了地形因子（坡度、坡向和地形遮蔽）对起伏地形下太阳辐射空间分布影响的难题；建立了复杂地形下辐射平衡备分量（短波辐射平衡、长波辐射平衡）分布式模型，并开展了气温、湿度等要素的分布式模拟；将辐射平衡、气温、水汽压等系列要素分布式模型与区域蒸散模型耦合，实现了黄河流域实际蒸散分布式模拟；集成的蒸散模拟分布式模型，以蒸散互补理论为基础，考虑了区域蒸敞对近地层大气的反馈作用，以地理信息系统为数据处理平台，仅以DEM和常规气象站观测数据为输入项，解决了常规非均匀陆面蒸散发研究中模型参数难于确定的难题；所生产的天文辐射，直接辐射、散射辐射、有效辐射，辐射平衡、气温。水汽压。实际蒸散。潜在蒸散等数据产品。可作为基础地埋数据供相关部门应用。 |
| 英文摘要 | Land surface evapotranspiration is an important component both in earth surface heat and water balance. However, Study of it is an old and complex theme. Traditional evapotranpiration models are lumped model, can't give detail considerations on the effects of spatial difference of surface on evapotranspiration process. Areal evapotranspiration model needs volume of surface elements data such as solar radiation, air temperature, air humidity etc. as input. However, being limitations of observation techniques, data availability and study methods and so on, surface data of these elements are often generated by point data interpolation or simple statistical estimation. In fact, such methods couldn't ensure the quality of the generated surface data, which was one of the key reasons influencing the simulation accuracy of evapotranspirtion model. Researches show that the geographical factors, such as azimuth and slope angle of a titled surface and the screening effect of surrounding terrains can cause a great effect on the distribution of local solar energy supply over rugged terrains. Furthermore, these distribution characteristics of solar energy can influence other meteorological elements such as temperature and humidity etc., which then causes a complex distribution of them further. The Yellow River plays an important role of water supply for both Northwest China and North China. From south to north, it spans Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, west arid region and east monsoon region. It has a large catchment area of 794,712km. Geographic environments and climates in Yellow River Basin are divers. In recent years, because of vulnerability of water resources and the increasing impacts of human activities, the Yellow River basin has been facing problems such as water resources shortage, flood and eco-environment degrading. Evapotranspiration as a key component of water cycle, on averaged, is slightly larger 80 percent of precipitation in it. Study on evapotranspirtion over Yellow River Basin will give basic knowledge of water supply and demand and will contribute to rationally develop and use water resources in it, therefore has far-reaching significance. In this study, a series of distributed models of astronomical solar radiation, direct and diffuse solar radiation, effective radiation, air temperature and vapor pressure etc. were developed, with GIS software as data processing platform and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data as general characterization of terrain. Using these developed models coupling with areal evapotranspiration model, spatial distribution of actual evapotranspiration over Yellow River Basin was simulated. Furthermore, this study gives an in-depth discussion on mechanism of areal evaptranspration. The complementary relationship between actual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration were tested on nine river basins of China. With data integration technique, the complementary relationship between actual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration is displayed entirely. Besides, all proposed distributed models taking the DEM data and/or routine meteorological observations as input provide a new line of thoughts for spatial extension of data both for solar radiation and other meteorological elements. The model generated data of astronomical solar radiation, direct and diffuse solar radiation, effective radiation, radiation balance, air temperature, vapor pressure, actual evapotranspirtion, potential evapotranspirtion etc. were provided in the same way as other kinds of spatial information and can be employed as basic geographic data for relevant studies as well, therefore has a promising prospect. |
| 中文关键词 | 黄河流域 ; 实际蒸散 ; 分布式模型 ; 空间分布 ; 数字高程模型（DEM） |
| 英文关键词 | Huanghe River Basin Actual Evapotranspiration Distributed Model Spatial Distribution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286345 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 曾燕. 黄河流域实际蒸散分布式模型研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2004. |
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