Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 生态建设中的水土资源优化配置研究-以首都圈为例 | |
| 其他题名 | Optimal Allocation of Land and Water Resources in Eco-environmental recovering and rebuilding-a Case Study in Region around Beijing |
| 姚华荣 | |
| 出版年 | 2004 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 郑度 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 土地利用／土地覆被是联系地球系统各个圈层物质循环以及能量传递与转化的纽带，生态环境质量的好坏直接取决于土地利用／土地覆被的状态。水土资源优化配置正是针对如何在数量和空间上合理地分配水土资源；以使上地利用／土地覆被向着代表良性生态环境的方向变化所开展的研究工作。本论文以水土资源调查一水土资源利用一水土资源利用的合理性分析一合理、可行的水上资源利用方案为主线，以GIS技术。数学模型、景观生态规划等为主要方法，以首都因为地域依托，以防沙治沙为目标进行生态建设中的水土资源优化配置研究。由于首都圈南北跨度较大，根据发生同一性、相对一致性、区域空间连续性、综合性原则和主导回素以及生态地理区与相应行政区界线一致性等区划原则，采用气候一地貌一植被相结合的指标体系，将首都因区域划分为4个生态地理区：暖温带半湿润落叶卿十林区（l区）、暖温带半干旱落叶阔叶林灌草丛区（2区）、温带半干旱草原区（3区）、温带干旱灌木草原荒漠草原区（4区）。应用GIS技术对首都圈区域1：100万植被图实施数字化并进行统计分析，确定出各区各类用地上的主要植物群落。总结了植被需水量测算方法，并根据己有研究成果的分析整理，确定出各植被类型的生态需水量，进而确定出各区各种林地、草地及栽培植被的单位面积需水量。视目前节水技术条件为常规节水条件；考虑各种节水技术的节水效率和可能采用的范围，于是可以假设中等节水条件为每类用地单位面积平均节约用水幅度为10％，高度节水条件为每类用地单位面积平均节约用水幅度为20％：分别针对上述3种用水状态探讨水土资源的优化配置问题。应用GIS技术对首都圈区域的1：100万土地资源日数字化并进行配难等处理，统计获得首都图及其分区除建设用地。水面以外土地的适宜性评价结果；对首都圈的1：10万土地利用现状图中的用地类型统计、汇总整理后得到首都因及其分区的土地利用现状数据。通过对土地适宜性与土地利用现状的对比分析可知，首都圈水土资源利用存在的问题为：水资源难于满足土地利用现状需求；土地利用结构不合理；植被覆盖度差的用地类型占一定比重；从总播种面积与耕地面积的大小的比较来看，土地利用率较低。选用灰色线性规划模型对首都因区域水土资源进行优化配置。选择出粮食作物。其它作物。有林地、灌木林地。疏林地。其它林地。低覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地和高覆盖度草地等9种用地类型作为决策变量；确定出包括水资源总量约束在内的12类、15个约束方程。通过模型的运行，得到了各区不同用水条件下的土地资源优化配置方案簇。根据对不同方案中各种用地变化情况的分析，在常规、\ |
| 英文摘要 | Land-use/land-cover connects the material cycle and energy transformation of each sphere in the earth system together. The environmental quality is determined by the status of land-use/land-cover. Optimal allocation of water and land concerns about how to allot water and land in the amount as well as spatial distribution for the purpose of making land-use/land-cover turn to the direction which represents good environment quality. Using GIS technology, mathematical models and landscape ecological planning as the main methods, and regarding sand prevention and control as the goal, the land and water of region around Beijing (RAB) is allocated as a case. The outline of this thesis is as the following: dividing the eco-geographical area in the research area; evaluating the amount and quality of land and water; analyzing the status and rationality of land and water use; getting rational and feasible schemes of water and land use; allocating the typical schemes spatially with GIS. From south to north, the span of RAB is very large. According to the principles of geomorphogeny identity, relative coherence, spatial continuity, integration and dominance and the index system of climate-geomorphblogy-vegetation, RAB is divided into 4 eco-geographical sections: warm temperate semi-humid deciduous broad leaved forest section (1st section), warm temperate semi-arid deciduous broad leaved forest section (2nd section), temperate semi-arid steppe section(3rd section) and temperate arid shrub steppe and desert steppe section(4th section). Using GIS software, the vegetation map of RAB which is a part of 1: 1 000 000 vegetation map of PRC is digitized, statistics analysis is made and the main vegetation communities of each land-use type in different sections are confirmed. Measuring and calculating methods of water demand of vegetation are summarized. According to analyzing the results of other people's study, water demanded of each sort of vegetation and of per unit of different land types are ascertained. It is regarded that the present water saving condition is normal, considering the water saving efficiency of each water saving technique and the scope where these techniques might be applied, we hypothesize that the moderate water saving condition is saving 10% of total water in per unit area of each land type, and the high water saving condition is 20%. Under the above three water using conditions, the research of land and water optimal allocation is respectively carried out. GIS software is applied to digitize and georeference the land resource map of RAB, which is a part of 1: 1 000 000 land resource map of PRC. Statistics of land evaluation results except for building and water areas in RAB and its each subsection is taken. Data of land-use status is obtained by taking statistics of 1:100 000 land use status map in RAB and each of its subsections. After comparing land suitability with land-use status, problems of water and land use in RAB are found out: the gross water resource can't suffice the need of present land-use; the structure of land-use is irrational; there is some low degree vegetation covered land-use type; land-use capability is low according to the comparison of total planting area and farmland area. The Grey Linear Programming model is chosen to optimize the land and water in each subsection of RAB. Cereal crops, other crops, woodlands, shrubbery woodlands, sparse woodlands, other woodlands, low density grassland, medium density grassland and high-density grassland, altogether nine land use types and twelve sorts, fifteen restrictive equations are selected to perform grey linear planning approaches in the study. By the model running, schemes1 clusters of land and water optimal allocation are achieved in each subsection. According to analyzing the trend of area of each land-use type, four typical schemes are chosen in each subsection under normal, 10% water saving, 20% water saving condition, which are controlling the land use types which are most easily to be sand source (1st typical scheme), controlling the land use types which is easily to be sand source (2nd typical scheme), controlling the land use types of sand source (3rd typical scheme) and the controlling land use types of sand as well as appropriate structure on crops types (4n typical scheme). With GIS functions of spatial analysis and management, three typical schemes of the four are spatially allocated to land-use unit in each eco-environmental subsection. Decisive analyzing on the four typical schemes of each subsection is made. It can be seen that the 2nd typical schemes is the best in each subsection. In a word, following conclusion can be drawn after the research: (D The running results indicate that the trend of land area of a land-use type under different water saving conditions is approximately the same. ?Under different water saving conditions, there are four typical schemes in each section: controlling the land use types which is most easily to be sand source (1st typical scenario) scheme, controlling the land use types which easily to be sand source (2nd typical scenario) scheme, controlling land use types of sand source area(3rd typical scenario) scheme and controlling land use types of sand source area as well as appropriate structure on crops types scheme. (3) In order to obtain the same sand prevention purpose demands of different agricultural water amount under different water saving conditions. Different schemes of land optimal allocation are achieved under the same agricultural water amount but different water saving conditions. The decisive analyzing of schemes shows the 2nd scheme is more feasible than the other three under the support of present technique and investment conditions. When carrying out the optimal allocation of land and water in RAB, the 2nd scheme, which represents scheme of controlling the area which is easily to be sand source should be considered prior to the others. When water saving technique and investment reinforced and the total amount of agricultural water is sufficient, other schemes could be considered. |
| 中文关键词 | 生态环境 ; 生态建设 ; 水土资源 ; 优化配置 ; 灰色线性规划 |
| 英文关键词 | Eco-environment Eco-environment recovering and rebuilding Land and water resources Optimal allocation Grey Linear Programming Region around Beijing(RAB) |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286344 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 姚华荣. 生态建设中的水土资源优化配置研究-以首都圈为例[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2004. |
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