Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 首都圈典型区防沙治沙景观格局研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on Landscape Patterns in the Regions near the Capital, China |
| 王石英 | |
| 出版年 | 2004 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 蔡强国 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 2000年春天，北京和华北地区共经历了9次大规模和高强度的沙尘天气过程，给华北地区的交通运输、环境治理、人们的日常生活和工作带来了不利影响，个别地方甚至造成人员伤亡。2001年，京津等华北地区又遭受了10余次沙尘天气过程，2002年北京共出现17个沙尘日，2004年截至4月份受到沙尘天气影响4次。沙尘灾害天气己成为京津和华北严重的环境问题之一。广泛认为，近年京津和华北地区频繁发生的沙尘暴和沙尘灾害天气，应归因于拉尼拉现象等大尺度的天气变化和地表覆被退化。大部分沙尘来源于蒙古，内蒙古，中亚，塔里木盆地和黄土高原，以及河床上沉积的泥沙。少数是当地短时狂风引起的就地起沙。通过分析历年气象数据和处理的遥感影像，浑善达克东南部、河北坝上和内蒙古后山地区等生态脆弱区破碎化沙地、裸露农地和退化草地，对京津等地的沙尘暴具有重要影响。沙尘暴和土地荒漠化有共同的影响因子，由于离京津地区相当近，这些干旱、半干旱地区的土地利用、生态系统成为近年主要的研究目标之一。当前，对沙尘灾害天气的防治主要是通过改变地面状况，调节人类自身活动的方式来实现。本文针对近年首都地区频发沙尘天气等环境问题，在大量文献综述的基础上，广泛收集资料并加以分析，着重利用遥感影像、实地样品资料和历年气象数据，通过分析首都圈景观格局的安全性，来达到防沙治沙的目的。主要方法是在野外调查基础上，进行采样、室内分析和遥感影像判读，并对具有代表性的沙尘源区进行重点研究。在地理信息系统的支持下，分析了农牧交错区景观格局及其变化，评价了典型区域在防沙治沙景观格局上的安全性，讨论了景观恢复的具体措施和水土资源的利用模式。本文选择的研究内容是有广泛社会影响、对经济和社会发展有重要意义的环境问题，即北京和华北地区近年频繁发生的沙尘灾害天气的治理。借助\ |
| 英文摘要 | Beijing and northern China endured 9 times of dust storm weather intensively and extensively in 2000, which made traffic jams, laid much burden on environmental management, impeded the daily life, and made people injured and or even dead. 2001, Beijing and its neighborhood suffered more than 10 times of dust weather, and in the next year, 17 days of sandy weather were counted. Up to April, 2004, Beijing came through 4 times of dust storm weather this year. So it became one of the predominant environmental problems and disasters in such regions. It is widely believed that the frequent dust storm in Beijing and northern China should owe its background to land cover degradation and the LANINA phenomenon which behave in large scale. Most dust come from Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Middle Asia, Tarim Basin, Loess Plateau, and the sediment silt on river bed. In a few situations, it comes from the local region with temporary gale. Based on analysis of serial meteorological data and processing of remote sensing (RS) images, the soil sources contributing to dust storm locate at the sandy, bare tillage and degraded grassland in southeastern Otindag, Bashang Highland of Hebei Prov., Houshan Mountains of Inner Mongolia. Dust storm and land desertification have the same causing factors, and because of its short distance to Beijing and Tianjing, land use and ecological balance in such regions became main direction in study area. Aims at tackling the environmental problems, i.e., dust storm in Beijing and its environ, based on widely article review, analysis of meteorological data, RS images and soil samples from field investigation and economic statistical data, this thesis develops landscape patterns to combat desertification and to mitigate the disaster weather of dust storm. By field investigation, soil sample and its analysis, and interpretation of RS images, the thesis emphasizes on landscape changes in typical regions of the area. By method of Geographical Information System (GIS), it analyses the landscape pattern and their changes, assesses the stability of landscape pattern, and discusses the countermeasures to recover landscape and model of exploitation land and water resource. From the viewpoint of landscape ecology, the thesis endeavor to mitigate the disaster weather of dust storm, which has wide influence and is necessary to the social, economy and development, i.e. the management of dust storm in Beijing and northern China in recent years. Supported by the Project of The Capital Area(Regions circling the Capital, China) Emergency Technology and Demonstrated Projects fox dust storm prevention, this thesis locates its study area at the regions of Beijing and its windward regions, discusses its ecological stability and recovering approaches of landscape, so that it can improve the regional environmental quality, be profitable for the economical construction and social development, and its extended study will reach to the field of global changes, such as mechanism of ground mass migration, regional response to environmental changes and global changes, etc. Aims at the prevention of dust storm, study area includes the Capital, China, and its windward regions of dust storm trajectory and the prevention area. The total region contains the holistic processing of wind activities, i.e. erosion, migration and sediment of dust. Inner differentiation of landscape pattern is due to many factors, such as geomorphic, meteorological, land cover and ground composition. So the subunits of landscape pattern have different ecological stability. Landscape pattern is based on the differences among the plain in the south, agro-forest zone in the mountains, agro-pastoral transitional zone in the middle and grassland in the north. The whole study area is divided into 9 subunits of landscape pattern, i.e. Wulanchabu Plateau-Desert- Grassland Zone, Otindag Partially Stable-Dune Zone, Xilinguole Plateau-Steppe Zone, Xianghuang-Zhenglan Low-Relief-Terrain-Hills-Xeric-Shrub Zone, Bashang Highland Agro-pastoral Zone, Chicheng-Fengning-Weichang Hilly-Agriculture-Birch and Aspen Forest Zone, Yanshan Hilly-Agriculture-Herbs Zone, HuailaUYanqing Basin-Agriculture-Herbs Zone, Northern China Agriculture-Building Zone. System diagnosing is not only beneficial to recognize the characteristics of landscape, but necessary to landscape recovering and reconstruction. Based on zonal differentiation, the thesis takes Zhangbei and Duolun County, which locate at the sensitive agro-pastoral zone, to analyses their landscape changes and inner differences. The landscape category and pattern are rich in the direction along the main axis of the study area. So, 10 counties along with the axis are chose to develop the changes of landscape patterns and analyze the inner differences, which are Shunyi, Pinggu, Huairou, Miyun District in Beijing, Luanping, Fengning County in Hebei Province, and Duolun County, Zhenglan Banner, Xilinhaote City and Abaga Banner in Inner Mogolia. From landscape change analysis, characteristics of landscape in the regions near the Capital are described. The key management approaches should be based on the stability of landscape, which formulate on the outcome of landscape assessment. Taking Duolun and Fengning, the thesis uses the evaluation factors of land amenity, wind situation and water conditions, develops a hierarchy assessment model and gets the landscape stability grade, i.e., non-stable, less non-stable, moderate and stable. As a conclusion, the principles, directions and approaches of landscape construction are discussed, using the outcome of assessment and landscape regionalization. |
| 中文关键词 | 景观格局 ; 首都圈 ; 动态变化 ; 安全性 ; 防沙治沙 |
| 英文关键词 | GIS和RS Landscape pattern Regions near the Capital China Temporal changes Stability Prevention of dust storm GIS and RS |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286343 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王石英. 首都圈典型区防沙治沙景观格局研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2004. |
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