Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 宁夏盐池县荒漠草原区农业土地资源优化配置研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on Optimum Allocation of Agricultural Land Resources of Desert Steppe Region in Yanchi |
| 吕晓芳 | |
| 出版年 | 2004 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 张镱锂 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 我国北方荒漠草原区目前沙化较为严重，其土地沙漠化的主要原因除了自然因素，人为因素中的人畜压力不断增大，“三滥”现象严重，水资源利用不合理等因素外，大农业内部土地资源配置的不合理是不可忽视的，本研究从农业土地资源的优化配置角度出发，以地理学、生态学、土地资源学等理论为研究基础，以GIS空间分析与统计功能为核心技术，基于多种空间和时间尺度的数据源，系统分析了盐池县荒漠草原区的土地利用结构，空间分布特征和动态演化情况，并对之进行了农业土地资源适宜性评价，在进行农业生态经济区划的基础上，运用线性规划模型来对各区农业土地资源进行优化配置，通过决策评价模型最终确定盐池县荒漠草原区各农业生态经济区的农业土地资源优化配置实施方案。研究主要结论为：1）土地利用总体特征表现为：耕地资源面积广大，在各乡分布较均匀，以中低产田为主，牧草地面积辽阔但质量较低，林地分布的区域性差异显著，且以矮林地和灌木林为主；从农业土地利用空间分布来看，南部各乡上地利用表现为以农耕为主，中北部地区种植业在大农业生产中占比重较小；牧草地草场覆盖度偏低，主要以中覆盖度草地和低覆盖度草地为主，荒漠草原区由于水分条件限制，缺少天然状态下乔木林能自然更新土地，其林业主体发展方向应是牧业型灌木林。 2）土地开发利用的经济效益地区性差异明显：北部风沙地貌区的乡镇上地利用类型以耕地、草地和林地为主，农业产出水平在全县中最高，中部波状高原区土地利用类型以草地和耕地为主，近年来粮食单产迅速提高，南部黄土丘陵区各乡镇土地经济效益较差。3）农业土地资源适宜性评价结果表明：该区农业土地适宜等级虽多，但没有无限制因素的农耕好地，也没有天然状态下乔木可以自然更新的土地。宜农地质量偏低，较适宜农耕土地面积很少，宜林地以宜灌木林地为主，宜牧用地所占而积占全区总面积的一半以上，不宜利用土地以流动沙地为主。4）研究区农业生态经济区划区划结果为：I城柳梁地滩地粮经林牧药生态经济区；II高苏沙梁滩地牧林草粮生态经济区；III惠马滩地丘陵粮油经牧特生态经济区，并从各区生态经济特征，生态经济发展战略，生态环境保护措施等3个方面对分别阐述。5）农业土地资源优化配置结果为：在前述基础上，选择线性规划模型对各区农业土地资源进行优化配置，并针对各区特征，确定决策变量、约束条件，结合决策评价模型，运行结果表明：I区和III区实施方案A（将1、2等地及勉强适宜农耕但产量低而不稳的3等地用于农耕，将5、6等地用于牧草地时的的配置方案），II区实施方案B（控制各区的耕地面积，只将土地质量较好，适于农耕的1、2等地用于农耕、将牧业上是好地的3等地、5、6等地用于牧草地时的配置方案）可实现各区农业土地资源优化配置，并分析了客区优化配置方案实施的可行性与预期生态、经济效益，并强调了各区沙化土地、盐渍化土地及土壤侵蚀严重的土地的生态环境保护措施。 |
| 英文摘要 | In spite of the regional, national and international efforts to combat desertification and mitigate the effect of drought, desertification is still one of the major environmental problems in the Northwest China. Desertified land which lies in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas is characterized by harsh environment, fragile ecosystems and limited water resources and barren lands. The desertification is much more serious in the desert steppe region than other region. The major reasons of land desertification and deteriorated environment include not only natural reason, human reason, such as the pressure of dense population and excessive herds, but also the unreasonable utilization of agricultural land resources/ In recent years, the trend of deterioration is obvious, which does harm to normal life and sustainable development of economy in the arid grassland of Yanchi county. From the angle of rational utilization and arrangement of agricultural land resources of research region, the paper provides objective basis to protection of environment and increasing of agricultural economic profit of the area. The result of the paper is as follows: 1) The whole characteristic of land use of Yanchi county is as following: There is Abundant farmland resource. The cultivated land distributes in a widely scattered manner all over the county, and it mades up by lower-output farmland. The area of grassland is large, but the quality is poor. The regional difference of woodland is obvious, and it is made up of lower woodland and shrub. From the angle of spatial pattern of agricultural land use, it presents the characteristics that the major of grassland is hemi-covered and low-covered grassland. With the limit of water resource, there is short of land suitable for planting wood. And the general goal of developing tree is shrub. 2)\tBased on the analysis of land use intensification and economic profit obtained, it points out that there are obvious differences between regions in the exploitation of land use. The agricultural land use characteristic of northern part is that the cultivated land, grassland and woodland occupied the major area, and the agricultural profit is the largest among three natural regions. The agricultural land use characteristic of central part is that the cultivated land and grassland occupied the major area. In recent years, the Yield of farmland develops quickly. The economic profit of each village in southern part of the county is poor. 3) And the paper evaluates the agricultural land use of arid grassland of Yanchi county. The result of suitable evaluation is that: although there are many degrees land resource in arid grassland, there are little good agricultural land and little land resource suitable to woodland. The quality of land resource suitable for cultivated is poor. The land suitable to planting wood is mainly makes up of shrub. The land resource suitable to grassland occupies more than half of the area. The major part of the unused land is quicksand. 4) Result of ecological-economic regionalization of agriculture in the arid grasslandof Yanchi county is: Chen Liu grain-economic-crop-wood-stockbreeding-medicine eco-economic region, Gao Su stockbreeding-wood-grassland-grain eco-economic region,Hui Ma gram-oil-economic crop-stockbreeding-special local product region. 5) The result of optimum utilization of agricultural land resources is: based on the ecological-economic regionalization of agriculture, we choose linear programming model to get the optimum utilization scheme of different regions, aiming at the characteristics of every region, we confirm the decision-making variables, indexes and evaluation of decision-making model. Theresult presents that in Chen Liu grain-economic-crop-wood-stockbreeding-medicine eco-economic region and Hui Ma gram-oil-economic crop-stockbreeding-special local product region, we should consider scheme A(which means the first, second and third degree of agricultural land used to cultivate, the fifth and sixth degree of agricultural land used to stock-breeding), and m Gao Su stockbreeding-wood-grassland-grain eco-economic region, we should consider scheme B(which means the first and second degree of agricultural land used to cultivated, the third, fifth and sixth degree of agricultural land used to stock-breeding). In conculsion, the paper analysis the feasibility and ecological-economic profit, and it emphasize the measures to protect the sandy land, pickled land and eroded land. |
| 中文关键词 | 宁夏盐池县 ; 土地利用经济效益 ; 农业生态经济区划 ; 土地资源优化配置 |
| 英文关键词 | Yanchi county of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region land use profit agricultural eco-economic regionalization rational utilization and arrangement of land resources |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286337 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吕晓芳. 宁夏盐池县荒漠草原区农业土地资源优化配置研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2004. |
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