Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 柽柳科植物系统学及生态学研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on the systematics and ecology of Tamaricaceae |
| 张道远 | |
| 出版年 | 2003 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 曹同 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文主要开展了以下两方面的研究：1．柽柳科系统学研究基于核核糖体DNA ITS序列，并结合形态特征，论证了山柽柳属（Myrtama（Royle）Ovcz＆Kinz）是一个自然的属。山怪柳属是怪柳属向水柏枝属进化过程中的中间过渡阶段，表现出许多“杂合”的性状，但系统学关系与水柏枝属更为接近，柽柳属、由柽柳属、水柏枝属同属于怪柳族Tamariceae；基于18S（nrDNA），rbcL（cpDNA），和tRNA Ser／Gly（cpDNA）间隔区分子序列，并结合形态特征，支持红砂属（holonachna Ehren）．为一个独立属的分类学意见，并认为红砂属是柽柳科共同祖先向琵琶柴属进化过程中的一个分支，与琵琶柴属关系很近，两者同属于红砂族Reaumurieae。画出了柽柳科系统演化关系图，并认为红砂族较为古老，柽柳族较为进化，由红砂族演化出柽柳族，\n而柽柳属为联结红砂族和柽柳族的中间联结。首次较全面的研究了怪柳属植物的地理学。柽柳属是典型的旧世界温带分布属，伊朗一吐兰地区的西亚亚区是现存本属植物的现代分布中心和分化中心；根据柽柳属植物的现代地理分布、形态演化趋势、现有的化石及地质历史资料推测，柽柳属起源于古地中海热带成分盛行的早第三纪始新世，具有起源古老的性质，并且随着晚第三纪古地中海的退缩、气候逐渐干旱而得到进一步发展，产生许多新的以温带成分为主适应旱生环境的现代柽柳属种类。分析了怪柳属植物的形态变异，比较了怪柳科18种植物营养枝解剖结构，并对国产柽柳属植物进行了分支分类学和分子生物学研究，在此基础之上对国产柽柳属植物有争议的种进行了分类学修订。认为短毛怪柳为刚毛怪柳的一个变种，恢复其学名Tamarix hispida Var．Karelinii（Bge）Baum，而甘蒙柽柳（Traustromogolica Nakai）、白花柽柳（T.albiflonum M．T．Liu）、多花柽柳（T.hohenackeri Bge）为自然的分类学种。日．柽柳科生态学研究全，调查了新疆境内柽柳属植物的分布及群落特征，并对重点调查的塔里木河中游柽柳群落及刚毛柽柳盐淇群落特性进行详细描述。发现塔里木河中游怪柳随着地下水埋深的逐渐增加而表现出从繁茂到衰退到死亡这样一个生长规律，说明柽柳生存和发展总是与分布区的地下水位相联系，此外，怪柳群落与胡杨林一起构成了荒漠河岸林独特的景观；刚毛柽柳群落种类贫乏，根据种类组成及分布生境将刚毛柽柳群落划分为三大群丛组，而以刚毛柽柳为建群种构成的广裹盐漠属于比较脆弱的生态系统，仅具有相对稳定性。首次开展了柽柳科分子生态学研究。利用RAPD分析技术对新疆境内10个刚毛柽柳居群进行了遗传结构特征分析，认为刚毛柽柳遗传变异丰富，变异主要分布在居群间；维持刚毛柽柳遗传多态现象的机制主要是基因流的隔离；刚毛柽柳的繁育系统属于一种自交和不完全异交混合的交配类型。刚毛柽柳天然居群的遗传多样性丰富，遗传分化较大，反映了刚毛柽柳对环境广泛的适应性。 |
| 英文摘要 | The methods of traditional classification, comparative anatomy, cladistic analysis, DNA sequenceing and geographyical studies were applied to investigate the systeniatics of Tamaricaceae, and put forward such results as followed: The nuclear and chloroplast sequence data, 18S (nrDNA), rbcL (cpDNA), and tRNA Ser/Gly(cpDNA), for all of the genera in the Tamaricaceae were analyzed. The results showed support for Hololachna as a distinct genus, and belongs to Tribe Reaumnrieae, together with the genus Reamnuria. The establishment of the genus Myrtama and its systematic position had been disputed since inception. DNA ITS sequences from 10 species of Tamaricaceae were reported. The molecular data set showed strong support for Myrtama as a distinct genus from Myricaria., and as an intermediate between Tamarix and Myricaria. Myrtama, together with Tamarix and Myricaria, belongs to Tribe Tamariceae, 3. Tamarix L. was a genus with the distribution pattern of Old World Temperate. The distribution patterns of 3 recognized sections covering 68 species in Tamarix were analyzed, and the result showed that the W.Asia subregion of Irano-Turan'ian Region was the center of diversity and distribution of the genus. Based on available fossil record of the genus and the historical data of geology, we speculated that Tamarix had already existed during Eocene when the land masses on the both sides of the ancient Mediterranean Sea were populated by the xerothermic floral elements, and with the sea retreated and climates turned dry afterwards, the species evolved greatly to adjust arid environments and dominated by temperate zone flora elements. 4. In the light of young branch taxonomy, cladistic analysis, molecular evidence, and mass specimens consultation, taxonomical position of some disputable species of China were reviewed, and put forward that T. karelinii Bge was a variation of T. hispida, and T.austromogolica Nakai, T.albiflonum M.T.Liu, T.hohenackeri Bge were natural species. Moreover, researches on the ecology of Tamaricaceae were also taken, including: 5. Ecological types and habitat similarity of Tamarix L. in Xinjiang were studied. Depend on analyzing groundwater lever and salt content of soil, Tamarix were divided into six groups. They were low salt type with high groundwater, middle salt type with high groundwater, high salt type with high groundwater, low salt type with low groundwater and middle salt type with low groundwater and middle to low salt type with middle to high groundwater respectively. These six type groups were divided into ten habitat types again Using cluster analysis. 6. Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of Tarim river valley, Xinjiang. The results showed that there were 23 species belonging to 21 genus in llfamiles, most of those species have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species was Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. The tamarisk was keystone species of Tarim river valley vegetation and played important role in retain ecological stabilization. Through field investigation, the characters of Tamarix hispida Willd communities were studied. The floristic composition of T.hispida community was very simple, the fundamental component was the Mediterranean and Central-Asian elements and the majority of them were xerophytes or halophytes developed during the ancient Mediterranean withdrewed. Based on salt content and underground water depth, three sub-communities were provided. Additionally, a distribution map of T.hispida in Xinjiang was given in the paper. The molecular ecology of Tamaricaceae was studied with RAPD method for the first time. We described the genetic diversity and population structure of T. hispida in Xinjiang. The ten random primers were chose for analysis detected 157 repeatable loci in which 155 were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 98.7%. The genetic structure of population estimated by Shannon's phenotypic diversity index and Nei's genetic index were 62.5% and 55.30%. It stated that most of the variation occurred among different populations. The genetic diversity ofT. hispida in Xinjiang was high due to low gene flow. In addition, he mating type of the species were speculated and considered that T.hispida was mixed-mating type. |
| 中文关键词 | 柽柳科 ; 柽柳属 ; 山柽柳属 ; 系统学 ; 分类学修订 ; 柽柳群落 ; 分子生态学 |
| 英文关键词 | Tamaricaceae Tamarix L. Myrtama systematics taxonomic review Tamarix community molecular ecology |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286328 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张道远. 柽柳科植物系统学及生态学研究[D]. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,2003. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [张道远]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [张道远]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [张道远]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
