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| 植被对区域气候的反馈作用及区域气候模式嵌套汇流模型研究 | |
| 张井勇 | |
| 出版年 | 2002 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 董文杰 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文利用1981-1994年的NDVI资料和1951-2000年的气候数据及2.5°*2.5°的NCEP再分析资料等，通过相关分析和数值模拟（东亚区域环境系统集成模式（RIEMS），汇流模型，BIOME模型）主要对三个问题进行了系统的研究。一通过计算前期NDvl与夏季气候的相关从统计上分析了区域尺度上植被对气候的反馈作用，结果可以较为合理地解释个例无法回答的一些问题。1在我国的多数地区，前期植被与夏季降水存在正的相关，即前期植被（NDVI）增加，后期降水增加。2证实了我国的植被对气候尤其是降水的反馈的三个敏感地区（青藏高原，东部干旱／半干旱区和华中），如果不考虑积雪的作用，我国北方〔东部干旱／半干旱区）是气候响应植被的最敏感地区。3降水对前期植被的响应比温度要明显一些，可能由于人类活动等的影响部分地掩盖了与温度的相关。二利用R田MS模式对我国东部地区的大规模的植被改变引起的区域水平衡的变化进行了分析。1定量地估计了大规模植被改变对水分平衡的影响，我国东部地区退耕还林以后，水分收支的各分量（除了上层土壤水）增加了2．4％一47．8％。模式的结果和用遥感数据对这一地区的统计分析的结果较为一致。2研究了植被改变以后对气候影响的机制。我国东部退耕还林以后，渤海和山东半岛附近的东风分量的加强使得更多的水汽从海洋输送到陆地，尤其是植被改变区域，增加了降水，同时我国东部地区低压的加深和西太平洋副高的减弱也使更多的水汽会聚到这一地区。3定性地给出了植被参数对气候的作用。三将RIEMS与汇流模型进行嵌套对黄河流域尤其是上游区域进行了模拟。1提出了两个模式在嵌套时的衔接问题的解决方案，嵌套的两个模式对黄河上游尤其是受人类活动影响较小的唐乃亥以上的河川径流给出了较好的模拟，但在受人类活2分析了引起模拟结果偏差的原因（RIEMS对降水模拟的偏差；人类活动的影响；BATS 的产流方案在黄河流域的适用性；汇流模型的参数的率定），并初步提出了改进。 |
| 英文摘要 | Three problems are systematically studied by correlation analysis and numerical simulation (models: regional environment integrated modeling system(RIEMS)) routing model and BIOME model) using 14-year(1981-1994) NDVI data, 2.5°·2.5°NCEP reanalysis data and 50-year(1951-2000) meteorological station data in the thesis. 1\tThe feedback of land cover to regional climate is statistically investigated by calculating the correlation coefficient between monthly average NDVI in Spring or previous Winter and monthly average temperature or rain in Summer, and these results could reasonably explain many problems case study can not make clear. i The vegetation in previous season has positive effect on precipitation in most regions of China, when NDVI in Spring or in previous Winter increases, the precipitation will be increased in Summer in these regions. ii Three sensitive regions (Tibetan plateau, eastern arid/semi-arid region and North China)of the response of regional climate especially precipitation to land cover in previous season are found, and without considering the impact of snow, North China(eastern arid/semi-arid region) is the most sensitive region in eight regions of China. iii The vegetation in previous season has a better relationship with precipitation than temperature, possibly because the human activities partly cover up the correlation between vegetation and temperature. 2\timpact of large changes in terrestrial ecosystem in East China on regional water balance is analyzed using RIEMS. i We quantitatively estimate effects of land cover on water balance. After crop land is replaced by mixed forest in East China, the parameters except for the upper layer soil water in surface water budget are increased by 2.4%-47.8%. These results are coincident with previous remote sensing data results. ii The mechanisms of effects of vegetation change on regional climate are studied. After land cover in East China changes, the east wind component of South China sea monsoon near Bohai Gulf and Shandong is increased, so as to bring more moisture to land, especially vegetation change region, and the precipitation increases. The warm low pressure located in East China deepens and the subtropical high over western Pacific become weak after the conversion of vegetation type, and more moisture converges to East China. iii Effects of vegetation parameters on climate are discussed. 3 The river runoff in Yellow River especially in upper reaches is simulated by nesting RIEMS with a large-scale routing model. i The scheme is put forward to solve the combination problem of nesting two models, and using nested two models, the streamflow of some stations of the upper reaches of Yellow River is simulated well comparing with observed data, especially in these stations of Yellow River human activities affect little. But nested two models show limited ability in simulating river runoff of other stations. ii These reasons leading to these deflections are analyzed(RIEMS' capability to simulate regional precipitation; effect of human activities; the applicability of precipitation-runoff scheme of BATS in the Yellow River; parameter adjustment in the routing model), and some approaches are given to improve simulation capacity. |
| 中文关键词 | 反馈作用 ; 相关分析 ; 区域环境系统集成模式（RIEMS） ; 汇流模型 ; 嵌套方法 |
| 英文关键词 | NDVI feedback correlation analysis regional environment integrated modeling system(RIEMS) routing model nesting approach |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286301 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张井勇. 植被对区域气候的反馈作用及区域气候模式嵌套汇流模型研究[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2002. |
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