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| 三种降收集方法及下垫面降尘量的对比观测研究 | |
| 胡智新 | |
| 出版年 | 2002 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 董治宝 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 大气降尘是沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘等天气的反映，在地质时期曾是一种重要的沉积过程。本文选择兰州和沙坡头为观测区域，依土地类型不同选择8种类型的观测地进行降尘观测，在每一种观测地均同时采用三种方法进行降尘收集并对比分析，以便得出下垫面对降尘量的影响以及降尘收集方法（干法、湿法、玻璃球法）之间的优劣，找出三种收集方法之间的相互关系，为降尘研究工作提供不同方法数据修正的参考指标。同时通过对比分析兰州与沙坡头地区的观测数据，揭示人为因素对降尘的影响度。通过对2001.4～2002.3期间在腾格里沙漠南缘的沙坡头地区和兰州市区的实测数据的相关分析，得出以下结论： 1．各观测点的降尘量的变化与地表状况密切相关。在沙坡头地区，流沙地带的降尘量最高，无灌溉条件下人工植被带降尘量最小。在春季、夏季和秋季，沙坡头地区的降尘量分别是兰州市的2.81倍、4.21倍和2.86倍，但兰州在冬季降尘量却是沙坡头地区的1.51倍，城市污染严重。2，大气降尘收集方法一干法、湿法、玻璃球法三者之间，湿法收集的降尘量最高，玻璃球法次高，干法降尘量最少。玻璃球法可以避免干法、湿法的不足，三种方法之间存在较好的线性相关关系。可以通过模式（1）：y=0.8857*R2＝0.837和模式（2）：y＝0.9249xR2＝0.7236，在干法与湿法、玻璃球法与湿法之间相互数据转换。对进行降尘的时空分布研究具有较好的实际意义。3．沙坡头地区和兰州市降尘量的年内变化明显，春、夏季的降尘量分别占全年的79.8％和58.2％，受气象因素的影响显著。春、夏季降尘量与风沙天气日数正相关，而与月平均降水量及月平均湿度负相关。4．在腾格里沙漠南缘的沙坡头灌溉条件下人工植被固沙带所进行的降尘研究结果与1994年相比，降尘量增幅为35.8％，反映沙尘暴可能处于新一轮活跃期。 |
| 英文摘要 | Dustfall is the reflection of sand storm, raising sand, airborne dirt and other weather phenomenon, it is an important sediment process in geology history. In this paper, we selected Lanzhou and Shapotou area as the study area, and selected 8 experimental site to gather dustfall according to land-cover types. Gathered dustfall in using three kinds of methods, and analyzed the influence of land-cover types and gathering methods on dustfall quantity. Compared the differences between the dry method, wet method and crystal ball method and analyzed the correlativity of them. At the same time, we compared the experimental data of Lanzhou and Shapotou areas and revealed the affect of human beings on dustfall.From the analysis of experimental data collected in the urban area of Lanzhou and Shapotou area located in the south margin of Tenggeri Desert between 2001.4～2002.3, we concluded that:The change of dustfall is correlated to the land-cover of earth surfaces in each site closely. In Shapotou area, the quantity of dustfall is the highest in desert belt, and the lowest is in the non-irrigated manmade vegetation belt. In spring, summer and autumn, the quantity of Shapotou area is 2.81 ,4.21and 2.86 times of Lanzhou. But in winter, the quantity of Lanzhou is 1.51 times of Shapotou area and the air pollution is serious.Among the three gathering methods of dustfall-dry, wet and crystal ball, the wet one collected the maximum dustfall, the crystal ball is the middle and the dry one is the minimum. The crystal ball method can abstain the shortages of dry and wet methods and they have a liner correlation.The monthly change of dustfall is obvious in Lanzhou and Shapotou area. There are 79.8 percent and 58.2 percent in Lanzhou and Shapotou area at spring and summer in one year. And the dustfall was affected by weather factors: the quantity of dustfall in spring and summer is correlated to the sandy days positively and the monthly mean precipitation and humidity negatively.4.Compared to 1994, the dustfall is increased in 35.8 persent in the irrigating manmade vegetation of Shapotou area located in the south margin of Tenggeri Desert. The result validated that the beginning of an new period of sand storm. |
| 中文关键词 | 大气降尘 ; 土地类型 ; 收集方法 ; 降尘量 |
| 英文关键词 | Dustfall Gathering mathods Landcover Types Shapotou and Lanzhou Region |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286300 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 胡智新. 三种降收集方法及下垫面降尘量的对比观测研究[D]. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,2002. |
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