Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 塔里木河干流下游土地荒漠化与水资源合理配置研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on desertification causes in lower reach of Tarim Watershed and rational allocation of water resource |
| 李香云 | |
| 出版年 | 2002 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 马小飞 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 塔里木河流域作为是一个典型的干旱内陆河流域，由于水资源的有限性，使自然绿洲与人工绿洲用水矛盾极为突出。源流区和干流上、中游人工绿洲的发展，破坏了原有自然水资源系统，使输往下游的水量不断减少至中断，从而造成塔河干流下游地下水位急剧下降、绿色走廊衰败、土地荒漠化趋势加剧等一系列生态问题。产生这些问题的原因除了区域本身的自然环境背景外，主要是由于流域内水资源分配和利用不合理造成的。本文以塔河下游（绿色走廊）作为研究区，论文首先对国内外及研究区土地荒漠化成因、生态用水计算和水资源优化配置等相关研究领域的研究现状及存在问题进行了详细分析和总结。针对研究区土地荒漠化问题，对荒漠、沙漠、荒漠化与沙漠化间的关系进行了辨析；对下游土地荒漠化过程中近50年来塔河下游各生态环境因子现状、变化和趋势进行了系统的分析；基于1980年和2000年2期土地覆盖基础数据，分析了研究期内的土地覆盖变化特征；设计了从土地覆盖转移变化中提取荒漠化土地面积的方法、计算土地荒漠化时空变化和土地荒漠化程度等公式，为揭示塔河下游荒漠化土地的时空变化规律和特征提供了量化依据；通过对土地荒漠化与其影响因子关系分析，建立了投影寻踪回归模型，确定了土地荒漠化与其主要影响因子的量化权重关系。根据下游土地荒漠化成因分析结果，并依据绿色走廊自然环境背景特征和不同区段土地荒漠化程度，设计了一种基于水量平衡法来确定下游生态需水量的方法。通过计算得出抑制土地荒漠化发展、绿色走廊不同保护区段的生态需水量。由于塔里木河流域水资源是一个由源流区（出山口前为供水区）和干流区组成的复杂大系统。水资源供水系统是否稳定是水资源合理配置的重要依据，因此本文尝试用乘法频率曲线法对源流区的供水系统进行了模拟分析，分析结果表明源流区的供水系统是一个稳定的系统。在这个稳定的水资源系统上，基于源流区水资源利用状况和干流区水量组成、消耗及利用情况，以绿色走廊最低生态需水量为基础，通过对塔河流域\ |
| 英文摘要 | As a typical continental watershed in arid region, the confliction between natural oases and man-made oases using water intensified because of the limitation of water resource in Tarim Watershed. With development of man-made oases in headstream zone and upper and middle zone of trunk stream zone, the origin water resource system was destroyed. This caused a serial of ecological problem on tobogganing groundwater level, ruining Green Corridor, intensifying land desertification, etc. in downstream in Tarim mainstream. The reasons of these problems are mainly the irrationality of water resource allocation and utilization in Watershed. This paper takes the downstream of Tarim mainstream - Green Corridor as the target area. The status quo and existing problems in concerning research fields, which are causes of land desertification, calculation of ecological water and rational allocation of water resource are analyzed and summarized at first. Contraposing desertification problem in target area, the relationships among desert, sand desert, desertification and sand desertification are disputed. The status, change and tendency of ecological factors are analyzed in desertification process in recent 50 years. The method that obtains the area of the desertified land using the LUCC data is given. And calculation formulae on the spatial-time change, degree of land desertification are designed. Through the qualitative analysis to relationships among land desertification and its driving factors, the quantitative relationship model was established by using the projection pursuit regression (PPR), thus, the weight coefficients of driving factors influence on desertification are determined. Combined on the analyzed results of land desertification causes the natural environment status, a water balance principle was applied to calculation the ecological water in different section of Green Corridor. Tarim Watershed is a big complex system which consists of headstreams (includes water-supply zone) and mainstream. In order to understand the uncertainty of the water-supply system in headstreams area, this paper attempt to use the multiplication frequency curve to simulate this system. The research result shows the water-supply system is stable. Upon this stable system and the ecological water of Green Corridor, the allocation schemes of water resource of four headstreams and mainstream in Tarim Watershed are studied and given. |
| 中文关键词 | 塔里木河流域 ; 土地覆盖 ; 土地荒漠化 ; 绿色走廊 ; 生态需水 ; 水资源供水系统 ; 水资源合理配置 |
| 英文关键词 | Tarim Watershed land cover land desertification Green Corridor water resource water-supply system rational collocation of water resource |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286284 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李香云. 塔里木河干流下游土地荒漠化与水资源合理配置研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2002. |
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