Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 科尔沁沙地农牧交错带土地退化及治理对策研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Land degradation in agro-pastoral ecotone in Keerqin sandland and its control strategies |
| 吴祥云 | |
| 出版年 | 2001 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 姜凤岐 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 土地退化是危及人类生存和农业可持续发展的重大环境问题.科尔沁沙地是中国土地退化最为严重，发展速度最快的地区之一，在防治荒漠化总体布局中占有极其重要的位置.该文充分运用现代生态学原理与方法，以科尔沁沙地农牧交错带为主要研究对象，通过大量的野外调查、室内分析和资料收集，采用多学科多技术相结合、定性与定量分析相结合的技术路线，系统地研究了科尔沁沙地农牧交错带土地退化治理的关键问题. |
| 英文摘要 | Land degradation is a severe environment problem that jeopardizes human survival and sustainable development of agriculture. Land degradation in Keerqin sandland was the worst and has the quickest speed in China, so it plays an important position in the general layout of combating desertification. The key problem of land degradation in the area of combined farming and pasturing in Keerqin sandland is studied by use of principles and methods of the modem ecology, by means of field investigation, indoor analysis, collecting data, and technology way-the connection of multiple disciplines and multiple technologies, connection of qualitative and quantitative criteria. The results showed that ecological interface of the area of combined farming and pasturing in Keerqin sandland has characteristics of vulnerability and fluctuation. Land degradation types mainly include wind erosion in sandy land, soil salinity in meadow, soil and water losses on drab soil. The technological frame of evaluating land degradation by land types at the ecosystem succession stage was built. Furthermore the evaluation model of land degradation types was constructed by use of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. First degree indexes of degeneration were used by content of original matter, total N, total P and the ratio of sand and clay in sandy land; and pH value, electric conductivity, content of original matter, total N, total P in meadow respectively. The project of combating desertified land by compartment -eco-subsistence zone, harnessing zone, protection and utilization zone was put forward, it was fundamental way for harnessing desertified lands to adjust the structure of land use. By mean of analyzing the main decline characteristics of fixed sandy plantation of Mongolian Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongoliari), the early decline of plantations beyond the natural range was a phenomenon of life cycle shortening and early maturity; the conifer twig blight was the direct reason and not the fundamental reason. The decline of Mongolian Scotch pine resulted from comphensive biological and a non-biological cause, which is the third disease called decline disease. Climate difference, soil water use maladjustment, mismanagement, nutrient disorder and excessive N deposition of atmosphere were inductive factors; and climate difference and soil water use maladjustment were dominant reasons, pine caterpillars {Dendmlimiis spp.) was a stimulus, the conifer twig blight {Botryodiplodia pined) and pine spittlebugs (Cercopiudoe) were activation factors. The biological measure was the fundamental way, and chemistry measure was secondary way in control strategies, and the pure Mongolian Scotch pine plantations might be transformed into mixed forests gradually. |
| 中文关键词 | 农牧交错带 ; 土地退化 ; 樟子松 ; 治理对策 |
| 英文关键词 | Area of combined farming and pasturing Land degradation Mongolian Scotch pine (Finns sylvestris var. mongolian) Decline Control strategies |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286277 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吴祥云. 科尔沁沙地农牧交错带土地退化及治理对策研究[D]. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,2001. |
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