Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 全球变化下中国东北样带植物多样性梯度分析及气候－NDVI－植被的关系研究 | |
| 唐海萍 | |
| 出版年 | 1998 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 张新时 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 中国东北样带（NorthEast China Transect, NECT）是位于中纬度温带以降水量作为主要驱动因素的陆地样带。本文的工作以此作为研究平台，利用生态信息系统（Ecological Information System, EIS）以及Microsoft Excel 7.0软件包建立了样带的地理数据库和植物多样性数据库，包括气候数据库、植被数据库、遥感数据库和内蒙内C_4植物数据库以及样带内生态系统特征数据库。在此基础上，主要研究了以下四个方面的内容：1. 利用Holdridge的生命地带方法对NECT内的生物群区进行了划分。主要是确定了生物群区间过渡带的位置与宽度，并预测了在全球变化三种模式下NECT内生物群区，尤其是过渡带的变化图景。湿度升高2 ℃后，过渡带的面积都呈扩大化的趋势。森林区对于降水量的变化反应很敏感。荒漠灌丛（即荒漠草原类型）由于其水热条件处于样带内较极端类型，因而对于全球气候变化反应也比较敏感。2. 研究了NECT内的α、β多样性以及包括生活型、水分生态型、区系地理成分等在内的植物群落特征多样性的梯度变化规律。研究了样带内的多样性梯度，提出了在样带内存在的α多样性测度问题以及β多样性沿样带的变化规律：样带内由东到西，β多样性逐渐升高，群落内物种被替代的速率变慢；两种植被类型边界上的两个样地之间的相似程度由东到西呈上升趋势；同一类型群落之间的物种周转率比不同类型群落间的物种周转率相对要低。同时将各个环境因子与α、β多样性作了回归分析，找出样带内决定α、β多样性的主要环境因子指标。样带内沿43.5°N一线附近植物群落的生活型共有17类，水分生态型8类，区系地理成分包括17类，以此为基础分析了群落特征沿样带的变化规律。并探讨了生活型分布的历史地理原因。3. 对样带气候－NDVI间的关系以及植被－NDVI的关系进行了探讨。利用来自气象卫星的遥感数据一归一化植被指数（NDVI），和数值化后的样带1:100万植被图进行叠加，找到NECT内每种植被类型对应的NDVI值。样带内共有植被类型147种，反映在NDVI变化上的植被类型有106类。其中，自然植被101种。影响年均NDVI分布的因子主要有经度、辐射日照百分率及7月温度，与经度呈正相关，与辐射日照时数及7月温度呈负相关。回归方程如下：NDVI = -220.426 + 3.273Lon - 80.338Ratio - 1.962T_7 (R~2 = 0.9714, F = 521.52, p < 0.001) 4. 研究了NECT内的光合功能型。主要包括内蒙古地区的C_4植物及其生态地理特性。揭标C_4植物的分类群特性、生活型、水分生态型与区系地理成分等生态学特性。C_4植物分布的科属极其集中。C_4光合型为维管植物某些分类群（科、属、种）的特性，为它们固有的遗传特性。推断C_4起源于草本的某些科属。C_4植物为喜热、耐旱的类群。世界种、泛热带种、泛地中海种C_4植物较集中。样带内的C_3、C_4功能型及其与环境因子的相关性。样带内C_4和C_3光合型植物组成比例由东到西表现出两高两低的趋势。分布主要与年均温和降水量呈显著相关。提出了一种新的C_3、C_4鉴别方法。即根据野外测定的光合数据建立了C_3、C_4的判别模型：f_1(x) = -1.5493 + 0.1427Pn + 0.1035Tr + 0.3768ΔT + 0.1000Gs f_2(x) = -15.6142 + 1.0542Pn - 0.2503Tr - 0.2957ΔT + 0.6491Gs 最后，综合7个GCMs模型（GFDL，GISS，LLNL，MPI，OSU，UKMOH，UKMOL）的输出结果，利用此结果和本文建立的回归模型，模拟了样带内生物多样性的窨分布格局，并预测了末来全球变化下归一化植被指数NDVI的空间分布格局的变化。 |
| 英文摘要 | NorthEast China Transect (NECT) is a transect mainly driven by precipitation in middle latitude area. The dissertation represented here is to study the gradient of ecosystem diversity and the relation of climate-NDVI-vegetation along NECT. The 3S technology (Geographical Information System, GIS; Global Position System, GPS; Remote Sensing, RS) was applied in this paper as a chief methodology to set up the basic geographical database using the data obtained from both field survey and collected materials. The database was composed of a climate database, vegetation databse, and remote sensing database as well as plant diversity database. The latter was built by the Microsoft Excel (7.0) software, including Inner Mongolia C_4 plant database and the ecosystem characteristics database along NECT. Based on the above databases, four aspects were mainly focused on in this paper as follows: 1. Biome Classification in NECT according to Holdridge life zone system We had identified the position and width of ecotone within NECT, and also predicted the biome changing pattern under three models from GCMs (General Circulation Models) output. The results showed that under global climate changes, it was quite sensitive for forest biome to the change of precipitation. There would be a large change in the location of grass biome, but the change in its relative area could be small. The shrub biome along NECT, however, would be most violent when global change occurs. 2. Changes of α、β diversity indices and characteristics of plant communities along NECT The ecosystem diversity gradient along NECT was calculated, and the problem in the measurement of α-diversity was discussed and the regular pattern of β-diversity was also found out. The β diversity index increased gradually along the transect from east to west, which indicated that the rate of species replacement became slow. The similarity degree between the adjacent vegetation types tended to increase from east to west along the whole NECT. While the rate of species turnover of the same type communities was relatively lower than that of different type ones. We have also tried to find the determinant factors which controlled the distribution pattern of α- and β- diversities by applying the stepwise regression method. There were totally 17 different life forms in different plant communities along 43.5°N of NECT, with 8 water ecotypes and 17 floristic geographical elements. The changing regular pattern of characteristics was analyzed based on the above community features. The possible historical and geological reasons of the distribution of different life forms were discussed based on the above results. 3. Relationship of climate-NDVI- vegetation in NECT The remote sensing data, collected from climate satellites, NDVI was applied to the 1:1 000 000 digital vegetation map of NECT. By doing so, we could calculate the concerned NDVI correspondent to the particular vegetation type. There were 106 types which could reflect the changes of NDVI, out of totally 147 vegetation types in NECT, 101 of which were natural ones. There were several environmental factors in determining the annual NDVI, which were longitude, ratio of radiation and July mean temperature. There appeared positive correlation between NDVI and longitude, and negative with the ratio of radiation and July mean temperature, with regression formula as following: NDVI = -220.426 + 3.273Lon - 80.338Ratio - 1.962T_7 (R~2 = 0.9714, F = 521.52, p < 0.001) Finally, the results of seven GCMs were synthesized to simulate the spatial distribution pattern of biodiversity in NECT, and predict the change of NDVI under global change according to the models set up from this part. 4. Plant photosynthetic functional types and their distributions along NECT In this part, we have investigated the distribution of C_4 photosynthetic pathways and their geographical features, especially in Inner Mongolia areas. Detailed studies on the characteristics of C_4 species were carried out, such as life forms, water Ecotypes and the floristic geographical elements. The total number of C_4 in Inner Mongolia was 125 species, belonging to 12 families and 57 genera. The total families, genera and species reached to 9%, 8.4% and 5.4%. Most of C_4 plant (82.4%) came from Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Cyperaceae families. Most C_4 species were highly concentrated on a few families and genera which could be related to their own hereditary features. The life forms of most C_4 species were found to be annual ford possibly owing to their narrow origin families or genera. The water ecotypes of C_4 plant in this area showed to be drought ecotypes, indicating that such species prefer to heat and could resist drought habitat well. The distribution of C_4 plant along NECT was studied and a model to quantify their relation with environmental factors was set up. The ratio of the number of C_4 plants to that of C_3 plants along NECT showed the trends of two low and two high from east to west, and their distribution was mainly decided by annual average temperature and precipitation. A new method was suggested to distinguish two photosynthetic species. i.e. discrimnant model based on the actual field photosynthetic data set was built as follows: f_1(x) = -1.5493 + 0.1427Pn + 0.1035Tr + 0.3768ΔT + 0.1000Gs f_2(x) = -15.6142 + 1.0542Pn - 0.2503Tr - 0.2957ΔT + 0.6491Gs. |
| 中文关键词 | 全球变化 ; 中国东北样带 ; 生态地理数据库 ; 生态系统多样 ; 光合功能型 ; 归一化植被指数 |
| 英文关键词 | global change NECT geo-ecological database ecosystem diversity normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) photosynthetic functional types |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286224 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 唐海萍. 全球变化下中国东北样带植物多样性梯度分析及气候－NDVI－植被的关系研究[D]. 中国科学院植物研究所,1998. |
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