Arid
榆林地区土地利用与土地覆被变化研究
张明
出版年1998
学位类型博士
导师郑度
学位授予单位中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
中文摘要土地利用与土地覆被变化是全球环境变化最显著的方面,它既受自然因素的制约,又受社会、经济、技术和历史等因素的影响,具有很强的综合性和地域性,同时又对全球环境的改变有着直接的作用,因而成为当前国内外的研究热点之一。目前研究土地利用与土地覆被变化主要通过三种途径进行:土地覆被的变化机制、土地利用的变化机制以及区域和全球土地利用与土地覆被变化综合模型。由于有史以来土地覆被变化大多起源于人类对土地的利用变化,因此加深对土地利用变化的认识对了解土地覆被变化意义重大。榆林典型土地利用与土地覆被变化机制研究主要是通过对区域性案例的分析,诊断土地利用管理方式变化的主要驱动因子,建立起区域性的土地利用与土地覆被变化的经验模型。这种在地方尺度上的区域性案例研究是为进一步认识和了解整个中国的引起覆被变化的各种驱动因素而进行的,它对土地利用变化的综合研究提供了丰富而有价值的区域信息。榆林地区具有悠久的土地开发历史,土地覆被类型多种多样。由于其特殊的自然地理特征和社会、经济与政治等驱动因素的复杂多变,本世纪以来该区的土地覆被发生了迅速而深刻的变化,这些变化同农业、林业、牧业等与土地资源利用有关的产业发展以及城市化和土地退化等可持续发展问题密切相关。深入剖析土地利用结构的稳定性及土地利用与土地覆被变化的主要驱动力,并依此来合理安排适度的土地资源开发,既是土地利用结构优化的合理途径,也是保护环境和实现区域可持续发展的根本要求。本文首先对土地利用与土地覆被变化研究的科学意义和国内外进展进行了综述,并在理论上对土地利用与土地覆被系统及其变化进行了剖析。在此基础上揭示了典型区与土地利用与土地覆被变化有关的区域自然特征、土地利用变化简史和土地利用与土地覆被变化的基本态势。在本文的主体部分,首先选用一种数理统计方法—典型相关分析法,定量分析了榆林地区土地利用结构及其稳定性,在此基础上进一步定量诊断出各驱动因子对该区主要土地利用类型变化的贡献大小。同时运用典型相关系数和冗余度分析,对诊断结果进行了检验。作为干旱半干旱区农牧交错带的典型代表,榆林地区在自然地理上有其独特的空间分布格局,在生态上具有显著的脆弱生境特片和分异规律。本文运用景观生态学的基本理论与方法,选取分维数、形态指数和景观优势度等指标,对该区脆弱环境的生态景观格局进行分析,并探讨区域环境的景观生态分异机制。继而运用马尔柯夫转移矩阵计算分析了该区土地利用类型之间的相互转化。土地质量变化是土地利用与土地覆被变化研究领域中的重要内容,本文对榆林区土地利用与土地覆被变化中的土地沙漠化与逆转、土壤水力侵蚀与水土保持及矿山开采中的土地污染与土地复垦也进行了分析。最后,在持续土地利用理论指导下,以土地利用的生态发展模式为目标,提出了榆林地区持续土地利用的具体途径:分区土地利用配置模式。
英文摘要Land use and land cover change (LUCC) forms major aspect of global change on both regional and global scales. Both biogeophysical and the socio-economic factors drive it, so LUCC is highly comprehensive and regional. At the same time, LUCC plays a direct role in the global environmental change, so it becomes the focus of programs established by different international organizations such as IGBP, IHDP and WCRP. The main foci of LUCC research are land use dynamics, land-cover dynamics and regional and global models. Because contemporary land-cover change is mostly due to human activities, an analysis of land-use change is essential to the understanding of land-cover changes. The research on LUCC in Yulin Prefecture is a typical regional case study. It aims at identifying the main driving forces of LUCC and developing regional empirical models for LUCC. It will also no doubt contribute to the collective understanding of varying causes-to-cover dynamics for the whole China. It provides plentiful and valuable information regionally for the comprehensive study to LUCC. There is a long history of land development in the Yulin Prefecture and there are many types of land cover and abundant land resources. As a result of its special natural characteristics and diverse driving forces such as social, economic and political organizations, its land use and land cover have suffered rapid changes in recent history. Most importantly, due to the high speed of social-economic development, human-induced LUCC show high rate and strong intensity with great significance to the sustainable development in this region. An analysis of the variability of land use structure and its driving forces of LUCC is a rational pathway towards sustainable land use. Moreover, it is also the fundamental requirement of environmental conservation in such a fragile environment as Yulin. This paper firstly summarized the research on LUCC. After analyzing the land use and land cover system and its change theoretically, the regional natural characteristics related to land use, land use history and LUCC situation in Yulin Prefecture are described. Then, in the principal part, a classical statistical method, Canonical Correlation Analysis is applied to the identification of the driving forces of land use structure and LUCC. At the same time, tests were carried out through the canonical correlation coefficient and redundancy analysis. Located in the transitional zone from agricultural to husbandry areas, Yulin Prefecture not only has its special spatial pattern in physical geography, but also has typical characteristics of fragile ecosystem and differentiation rule in ecology. This paper applied the basic theory and method of landscape ecology to analyze the landscape pattern of fragile environment in this area. Then the differentiation dynamics of landscape ecology in the regional ecosystem are studied. Markov transition matrix is applied to the calculation and analysis of the mutual transition of land use types. Land quality change is an important part of land cover change. This paper analyzed the land quality change in Yulin Prefecture in terms of land degradation and its conversion. Finally a land use allocation plan for the prefecture is proposed, following the principles of sustainable land management.
中文关键词土地利用与土地覆被变化 ; 驱动力 ; 冗余度分析 ; 土地质量变化 ; 景观生态学 ; 马尔柯夫模型 ; 持续土地利用 ; 榆林地区
英文关键词Land use and land cover change driving forces canonical correlation analysis redundancy analysis land quality change landscape ecology Markov model sustainable land use Yulin Prefecture
语种中文
国家中国
来源机构中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
资源类型学位论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286214
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
张明. 榆林地区土地利用与土地覆被变化研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,1998.
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