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| 中国农业土地利用的特点与典型研究 | |
| 张落成 | |
| 出版年 | 1992 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 周立三 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 |
| 中文摘要 | 土地利用是农业地理学研究的重要内容，是自然条件、社会经济条件和技术条件综合影响的结果。本文在大量阅读有关文献的基础上，通过典型调查，比较系统地反映了全国土地利用的特点，主要用地类型的分布规律和利用状况，并重点解剖了七个类型，得出以下结论：1、农业用地比重小、人多地少是我国土地利用的突出特点，是影响我国农业生产结构、作物熟制和土地利用强度的基本因素。2、我国农业以精耕细作闻名于世，但同时也存在粗放经营的一面，集约与粗放经营并存的现表现在农业的各个方面。我国农业生产布局基本合理，在长期的历史发展过程中形成了一定的专业化生产区域，但从小布局来看，分散经营的现象也很普遍。3、我国土地利用地域差异显著。东西差异主要为农牧差异；南北差异体现在东部，以水旱差异为主；地貌不同引起水热重新分配从而产生了垂直地带性差异。4、在四种主要用地类型中，以耕地利用最为集约，同一地区集约化程度水田>水浇地>旱地；林地结构发生了变化，破坏仍然严重；牧草地量大质差，超载过牧严重；水面利用大中型水面粗放经营与小型水面集约经营并存。5、七个类型的选择在全国具有很大代表性。珠江三角洲是受外向型经济影响最为强烈的地区，也是土地利用变化最大的地区，以基糖系统为主要特色，稻蔗生产目前必须依靠行政干预；成都平原、江汉平源和太湖地区土地利用程度也较高，但存在因耕作制度不合理而产生的地方下降问题；黄淮平原因受旱涝、盐碱、风沙等自然灾害影响，中低产田面积大，近期应强调主攻中产；黄土高原以雨养农业为特色，土地合理利用应抓小流域综合治理；西北干旱区没有灌溉就没有农业，水是农业的命脉，解决用水矛盾的关键是发展节水农业。 |
| 英文摘要 | This paper reflects the character, distribution and utilization of Chinese land use systematically, following conclusions are given: (1) The proportion of agricultural land is too low, which is the main factor that influences the structure of agricultural production. cropping system and use intensity. (2) China is famous for intensive farming, but at the same extensive farming exists, intensive farming and extensive farming co-exist in every aspects of agriculture. (3) The regional difference of Chinese landuse is great. The differences between Eastern and Western areas are farming and animal husbandary. The differences between southern and Northern areas are paddy and non-irrigated field. (4) Among the four main land types, cultivated land is the most intensive one. Paddy is more intensive than irrigated land and irrigated land is more intensive than non-irrigated land; The structure of forestry which has changed a lot is still being damaged; We have a large number of poor quality grasslands which have overborne the weight of its bearing capacity; There are a great deal of waters which have not been completed used. (5) Great changes have taken place in Zhujiang River Delta due to the influence of export-oriented economy; The level of landuse of Chengdu Plain, Jianghan Plain and Taihu Plain is high, however, the soil fertility has dropped owing to unreasonable use; There are a large amount of mid-production-cultivated lands and low-production-cultivated lands as the result of physical damages such as drought, waterlogging, salinization and sandy. The importance should be placed to transform mid-production-cultivated lands in the near time; The Loess Plateau is a typical rain-breed agricultural region, to use the land profectly, we should devote ourselves to harnessing little basin comprehensively; Where there is no water, there is no agricuture in North-West areas, the key measure to solve water problems is to save water. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/286194 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张落成. 中国农业土地利用的特点与典型研究[D]. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,1992. |
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