干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Nominations for the 2017 NNSA Pollution Prevention Awards

Arid

DOI	10.2172/1340954
报告编号	LA-UR--17-20379
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 1340954
	Nominations for the 2017 NNSA Pollution Prevention Awards
	Salzman, Sonja L. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)]; Ballesteros Rodriguez, Sonia [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)]; Lopez, Lorraine Bonds [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)]
英文摘要	In the field of nuclear forensics, one of the biggest challenges is to dissolve postdetonation debris for analysis. Debris generated after a nuclear detonation is a glassy material that is difficult to dissolve with chemicals. Traditionally, concentrated nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or sulfuric acid are employed during the dissolution. These acids, due to their corrosive nature, are not suitable for in-field/on-site sample preparations. Uranium oxides are commonly present in nuclear fuel processing plants and nuclear research facilities. In uranium oxides, the level of uranium isotope enrichment is a sensitive indicator for nuclear nonproliferation and is monitored closely by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to ensure there is no misuse of nuclear material or technology for nuclear weapons. During an IAEA on-site inspection at a facility, environmental surface swipe samples are collected and transported to the IAEA headquarters or network of analytical laboratories for further processing. Uranium oxide particles collected on the swipe medium are typically dissolved with inorganic acids and are then analyzed for uranium isotopic compositions. To improve the responsiveness of on-site inspections, in-field detection techniques have been recently explored. However, in-field analysis is bottlenecked by time-consuming and hazardous dissolution procedures, as corrosive inorganic acids must be used. Corrosive chemicals are difficult to use in the field due to personnel safety considerations, and the transportation of such chemicals is highly regulated. It was therefore necessary to develop fast uranium oxide dissolution methods using less hazardous chemicals in support of the rapid infield detection of anomalies in declared nuclear processes.
出版年	2017
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Analytical Chemistry ; Environmental Protection ; Radiation Protection
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1340954
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/271403
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Salzman, Sonja L. [Los Alamos National Lab. ,Ballesteros Rodriguez, Sonia [Los Alamos National Lab. ,Lopez, Lorraine Bonds [Los Alamos National Lab. . Nominations for the 2017 NNSA Pollution Prevention Awards,2017.