干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in the Western Renewable Energy Zone Initiative

Arid

DOI	10.2172/982056
报告编号	LBNL-3077E
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 982056
	Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in the Western Renewable Energy Zone Initiative
	Mills, Andrew; Phadke, Amol; Wiser, Ryan
英文摘要	Building transmission to reach renewable energy (RE) goals requires coordination among renewable developers, utilities and transmission owners, resource and transmission planners, state and federal regulators, and environmental organizations. The Western Renewable Energy Zone (WREZ) initiative brings together a diverse set of voices to develop data, tools, and a unique forum for coordinating transmission expansion in the Western Interconnection. In this report we use a new tool developed in the WREZ initiative to evaluate possible renewable resource selection and transmission expansion decisions. We evaluate these decisions under a number of alternative future scenarios centered on meeting 33% of the annual load in the Western Interconnection with new renewable resources located within WREZ-identified resource hubs. Of the renewable resources in WREZ resource hubs, and under the assumptions described in this report, our analysis finds that wind energy is the largest source of renewable energy procured to meet the 33% RE target across nearly all scenarios analyzed (38-65%). Solar energy is almost always the second largest source (14-41%). Solar exceeds wind by a small margin only when solar thermal energy is assumed to experience cost reductions relative to all other technologies. Biomass, geothermal, and hydropower are found to represent a smaller portion of the selected resources, largely due to the limited resource quantity of these resources identified within the WREZ-identified hubs (16-23% combined). We find several load zones where wind energy is the least cost resource under a wide range of sensitivity scenarios. Load zones in the Southwest, on the other hand, are found to switch between wind and solar, and therefore to vary transmission expansion decisions, depending on uncertainties and policies that affect the relative economics of each renewable option. Uncertainties and policies that impact bus-bar costs are the most important to evaluate carefully, but factors that impact transmission costs and the relative market value of each renewable option can also be important. Under scenarios in which each load zone must meet 33% of its load with delivered renewable energy from the WREZ-identified resource hubs, the total transmission investment required to meet the 33% west-wide RE target is estimated at between $22 billion and $34 billion. Although a few of the new transmission lines are very long - over 800 miles - most are relatively short, with average transmission distances ranging from 230-315 miles, depending on the scenario. Needed transmission expenditure are found to decline to $17 billion if wide use of renewable energy credits is allowed; consideration of renewable resources outside of WREZ-identified hubs would further reduce this transmission cost estimate. Even with total transmission expenditures of $17-34 billion, however, these costs still represent just 10-19% of the total delivered cost of renewable energy.
出版年	2010
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	29 ; BIOMASS ; ECONOMICS ; EXPENDITURES ; EXPLORATION ; MARKET ; POWER TRANSMISSION LINES ; SENSITIVITY ; SOLAR ENERGY ; TARGETS
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/982056
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/269972
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mills, Andrew,Phadke, Amol,Wiser, Ryan. Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in the Western Renewable Energy Zone Initiative,2010.