干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Efficient breakdown of lignocellulose using mixed-microbe populations for bioethanol production.

Arid

DOI	10.2172/974402
报告编号	SAND2009-6963
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 974402
	Efficient breakdown of lignocellulose using mixed-microbe populations for bioethanol production.
	Murton, Jaclyn K.; Ricken, James Bryce; Powell, Amy Jo
英文摘要	This report documents progress in discovering new catalytic technologies that will support the development of advanced biofuels. The global shift from petroleum-based fuels to advanced biofuels will require transformational breakthroughs in biomass deconstruction technologies, because current methods are neither cost effective nor sufficiently efficient or robust for scaleable production. Discovery and characterization of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems adapted to extreme environments will accelerate progress. Obvious extreme environments to mine for novel lignocellulolytic deconstruction technologies include aridland ecosystems (ALEs), such as those of the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in central New Mexico (NM). ALEs represent at least 40% of the terrestrial biosphere and are classic extreme environments, with low nutrient availability, high ultraviolet radiation flux, limited and erratic precipitation, and extreme variation in temperatures. ALEs are functionally distinct from temperate environments in many respects; one salient distinction is that ALEs do not accumulate soil organic carbon (SOC), in marked contrast to temperate settings, which typically have large pools of SOC. Low productivity ALEs do not accumulate carbon (C) primarily because of extraordinarily efficient extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) that are derived from underlying communities of diverse, largely uncharacterized microbes. Such efficient enzyme activities presumably reflect adaptation to this low productivity ecosystem, with the result that all available organic nutrients are assimilated rapidly. These communities are dominated by ascomycetous fungi, both in terms of abundance and contribution to ecosystem-scale metabolic processes, such as nitrogen and C cycling. To deliver novel, robust, efficient lignocellulolytic enzyme systems that will drive transformational advances in biomass deconstruction, we have: (1) secured an award through the Department of Energy (DoE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI) to perform metatranscriptomic functional profiling of eukaryotic microbial communities of blue grama grass (Bouteloua gracilis) rhizosphere (RHZ) soils and (2) isolated and provided initial genotypic and phenotypic characterization data for thermophilic fungi. Our preliminary results show that many strains in our collection of thermophilic fungi frequently outperform industry standards in key assays; we also demonstrated that this collection is taxonomically diverse and phenotypically compelling. The studies summarized here are being performed in collaboration with University of New Mexico and are based at the Sevilleta LTER research site.
出版年	2009
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	09 BIOMASS FUELS ; ABUNDANCE ; BIOFUELS ; BIOMASS ; BIOSPHERE ; BREAKDOWN ; CARBON ; COMMUNITIES ; ECOSYSTEMS ; ENZYMES ; FUNCTIONALS ; FUNGI ; GRAMINEAE ; NITROGEN ; NUTRIENTS ; PRECIPITATION ; PRODUCTIVITY ; SOILS ; STRAINS ; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Lignocellulose-Biodegradation. ; Biomass energy-Technological innovations. ; Environmental Sciences-Biomass Energy & Biofuels
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/974402
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/269931
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Murton, Jaclyn K.,Ricken, James Bryce,Powell, Amy Jo. Efficient breakdown of lignocellulose using mixed-microbe populations for bioethanol production.,2009.