干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Overview on backfill materials and permeable reactive barriers for nuclear waste disposal facilities.

Arid

DOI	10.2172/917140
报告编号	SAND2003-2101
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 917140
	Overview on backfill materials and permeable reactive barriers for nuclear waste disposal facilities.
	Moore, Robert Charles; Hasan, Ahmed Ali Mohamed; Holt, Kathleen Caroline; Hasan, Mahmoud A. (Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt)
英文摘要	A great deal of money and effort has been spent on environmental restoration during the past several decades. Significant progress has been made on improving air quality, cleaning up and preventing leaching from dumps and landfills, and improving surface water quality. However, significant challenges still exist in all of these areas. Among the more difficult and expensive environmental problems, and often the primary factor limiting closure of contaminated sites following surface restoration, is contamination of ground water. The most common technology used for remediating ground water is surface treatment where the water is pumped to the surface, treated and pumped back into the ground or released at a nearby river or lake. Although still useful for certain remediation scenarios, the limitations of pump-and-treat technologies have recently been recognized, along with the need for innovative solutions to ground-water contamination. Even with the current challenges we face there is a strong need to create geological repository systems for dispose of radioactive wastes containing long-lived radionuclides. The potential contamination of groundwater is a major factor in selection of a radioactive waste disposal site, design of the facility, future scenarios such as human intrusion into the repository and possible need for retrieving the radioactive material, and the use of backfills designed to keep the radionuclides immobile. One of the most promising technologies for remediation of contaminated sites and design of radioactive waste repositories is the use of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). PRBs are constructed of reactive material(s) to intercept and remove the radionuclides from the water and decontaminate the plumes in situ. The concept of PRBs is relatively simple. The reactive material(s) is placed in the subsurface between the waste or contaminated area and the groundwater. Reactive materials used thus far in practice and research include zero valent iron, hydroxyapatite, magnesium oxide, and others. As the contaminant moves through the reactive material, the contaminant is either sorbed by the reactive material or chemically reacts with the material to form a less harmful substance. Because of the high risk associated with failure of a geological repository for nuclear waste, most nations favor a near-field multibarrier engineered system using backfill materials to prevent release of radionuclides into the surrounding groundwater.
出版年	2003
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES ; AIR QUALITY ; CONTAMINATION ; GROUND WATER ; HUMAN INTRUSION ; MAGNESIUM OXIDES ; RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ; RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL ; RADIOACTIVE WASTES ; SANITARY LANDFILLS ; SURFACE TREATMENTS ; SURFACE WATERS ; WASTES ; WATER Groundwater-Contamination. ; Nuclear facilities-Waste disposal. ; In situ remediation. ; Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). ; Hazardous waste site remediation.
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/917140
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/268620
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Moore, Robert Charles,Hasan, Ahmed Ali Mohamed,Holt, Kathleen Caroline,et al. Overview on backfill materials and permeable reactive barriers for nuclear waste disposal facilities.,2003.