干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Environmental and health effects review for obscurant graphite flakes. Final report, 1991 July--1993 May

Arid

DOI	10.2172/10182257
报告编号	PNL--8585
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 10182257
	Environmental and health effects review for obscurant graphite flakes. Final report, 1991 July--1993 May
	Driver, C.J.; Ligotke, M.W.; Landis, W.G.; Downs, J.L.; Tiller, B.L.; Moore, E.B. Jr.; Cataldo, D.A.
英文摘要	The health and environmental effects of obscurant graphite flakes were reviewed and compared to predicted levels of graphite flake material in the field during typical testing and training scenarios. Graphite flake dispersion and deposition for simulated mechanical and pyrotechnic releases were determined using a modified Gaussian atmospheric plume-dispersion model. The potential for wind resuspension of graphite flakes is controlled by weathering processes and incorporation rates in soil. Chemically, graphite flakes pose little risk to aquatic or terrestrial systems. Mechanical damage to plants and invertebrate and vertebrate organisms from the flakes is also minimal. In humans, the pathological and physiological response to inhaled graphite flake is similar to that induced by nuisance dusts and cause only transient pulmonary changes. Repeated exposure to very high concentrations (such as those near the source generator) may overwhelm the clearance mechanisms of the lung and result in pulmonary damage from the retained particles in unprotected individuals. However, these lesions either resolve with time or are of limited severity. Health effects of mixed aerosols of mixed aerosols of graphite and fog oil are similar to those produced by graphite flakes alone. Environmental impacts of fog oil-coated graphite flakes are not well known.
出版年	1993
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT. ; 45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE ; GRAPHITE ; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ; SMOKES ; CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES ; LUNG CLEARANCE ; AEROSOLS ; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION ; HEALTH HAZARDS 560300 ; 450000 ; CHEMICALS METABOLISM AND TOXICOLOGY ; MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/10182257
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/265187
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Driver, C.J.,Ligotke, M.W.,Landis, W.G.,et al. Environmental and health effects review for obscurant graphite flakes. Final report, 1991 July--1993 May,1993.