干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Evaluation and characterization of mechanisms controlling fate and effects of Army smokes

Arid

DOI	10.2172/6800435
报告编号	PNL-7459
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 6800435
	Evaluation and characterization of mechanisms controlling fate and effects of Army smokes
	Cataldo, D.A.; Ligotke, M.W.; Bolton, H. Jr.; Fellows, R.J.; Van Voris, P.; McKinley, J.P.; Mi, Shu-mei W.; McFadden, K.M.
英文摘要	The primary objective of this study was to characterize the fate and response of soil and biotic components of the terrestrial environment to aerosols, deposited brass, and brass in combination with fog oil. Important physical, chemical, and biotic aspects were investigated using an environmental wind tunnel. Air/surface deposition rates were determined for foliar and soil surfaces, both in the absence and presence of fog oil. Deposition velocities for foliage ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 cm/s at wind speeds of 2 to 10 mph, respectively. Foliar contact toxicity was assessed using five different types of terrestrial vegetation representative of Army training sites and surrounding environments. No significant foliar contact toxicity was observed for brass. The weathering and chemistry of brass aerosols deposited and amended to soils was assessed, along with the impacts of acid precipitation and moisture regimes on weathering rates. Rates of brass weathering and the fate of solubilized Cu and Zn are discussed. The influence of soil weathering processes and brass solubilization on seed germination indicated no detectable effects of brass. However, moderate toxicity effects were noted after seed germination indicated no detectable effects of brass. However, moderate toxicity effects were noted after 160 days of soil incubation. The effects were proportional to soil-loading levels. Influence of soil weathering processes and contaminant solubilization on soil microbiological activities indicated that soil dehydrogenase activity was more susceptible to impacts than was phosphatase activity or microbial biomass. Nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were not significantly affected by brass. Invertebrates (earthworms) associated with soil contaminated with brass were only slightly impacted, and only at loading rates >445 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}.
出版年	1990
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE ; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; SMOKES ; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ; AEROSOLS ; BRASS ; MILITARY EQUIPMENT ; PLANTS ; PROGRESS REPORT ; SOILS ; WIND ; WIND TUNNELS ; ALLOYS ; COLLOIDS ; COPPER ALLOYS ; COPPER BASE ALLOYS ; DISPERSIONS ; DOCUMENT TYPES ; EQUIPMENT ; RESIDUES ; SOLS ; TUNNELS ; UNDERGROUND FACILITIES ; ZINC ALLOYS 450000* -- Military Technology, Weaponry, & National Defense ; 540120 -- Environment, Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-) ; 540220 -- Environment, Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6800435
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/264297
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cataldo, D.A.,Ligotke, M.W.,Bolton, H. Jr.,et al. Evaluation and characterization of mechanisms controlling fate and effects of Army smokes,1990.