干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Evaluate and characterize mechanisms controlling transport, fate, and effects of army smokes in the aerosol wind tunnel: Transport, transformations, fate, and terrestrial ecological effects of hexachloroethane obscurant smokes

Arid

DOI	10.2172/5367631
报告编号	PNL-7166
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 5367631
	Evaluate and characterize mechanisms controlling transport, fate, and effects of army smokes in the aerosol wind tunnel: Transport, transformations, fate, and terrestrial ecological effects of hexachloroethane obscurant smokes
	Cataldo, D.A.; Ligotke, M.W.; Bolton, H. Jr.; Fellows, R.J.; Van Voris, P.; McVeety, B.D.; Li, Shu-mei W.; McFadden, K.M.
英文摘要	The terrestrial transport, chemical fate, and ecological effects of hexachloroethane (HC) smoke were evaluated under controlled wind tunnel conditions. The primary objectives of this research program are to characterize and assess the impacts of smoke and obscurants on: (1) natural vegetation characteristic of US Army training sites in the United States; (2) physical and chemical properties of soils representative of these training sites; and (3) soil microbiological and invertebrate communities. Impacts and dose/responses were evaluated based on exposure scenarios, including exposure duration, exposure rate, and sequential cumulative dosing. Key to understanding the environmental impacts of HC smoke/obscurants is establishing the importance of environmental parameters such as relative humidity and wind speed on airborne aerosol characteristics and deposition to receptor surfaces. Direct and indirect biotic effects were evaluated using five plant species and two soil types. HC aerosols were generated in a controlled atmosphere wind tunnel by combustion of hexachloroethane mixtures prepared to simulate normal pot burn rates and conditions. The aerosol was characterized and used to expose plant, soil, and other test systems. Particle sizes of airborne HC ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 {mu}m mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), and particle size was affected by relative humidity over a range of 20% to 85%. Air concentrations employed ranged from 130 to 680 mg/m{sup 3}, depending on exposure scenario. Chlorocarbon concentrations within smokes, deposition rates for plant and soil surfaces, and persistence were determined. The fate of principal inorganic species (Zn, Al, and Cl) in a range of soils was assessed.
出版年	1989
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; 63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT. ; MILITARY EQUIPMENT ; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ; SMOKES ; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ; BACTERIA ; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT ; PLANTS ; PROGRESS REPORT ; SOIL CHEMISTRY ; SOILS ; SURFACES ; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ; TRAINING ; WIND TUNNELS ; AEROSOLS ; CHEMISTRY ; COLLOIDS ; DISPERSIONS ; DOCUMENT TYPES ; ECOSYSTEMS ; EQUIPMENT ; MASS TRANSFER ; MICROORGANISMS ; RESIDUES ; SOLS ; TUNNELS ; UNDERGROUND FACILITIES 500200* -- Environment, Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989) ; 510200 -- Environment, Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989) ; 560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5367631
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/264153
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cataldo, D.A.,Ligotke, M.W.,Bolton, H. Jr.,et al. Evaluate and characterize mechanisms controlling transport, fate, and effects of army smokes in the aerosol wind tunnel: Transport, transformations, fate, and terrestrial ecological effects of hexachloroethane obscurant smokes,1989.